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===Color genes=== There are 11 color [[gene]] groups (or [[Locus (genetics)|loci]]) in rabbits. They are A, B, C, D, E, En, Du, P, Si, V, and W. Each locus has [[Dominance (genetics)|dominant]] and [[recessive]] genes. In addition to the loci there are also modifiers, which [[Modifications (genetics)|modify]] a certain gene. These include the [[rufous]] modifiers, color intensifiers, and plus/minus (blanket/spot) modifiers. A rabbit's coat has either two [[pigment]]s ([[pheomelanin]] for yellow, and [[eumelanin]] for dark brown) or no pigment (for an [[albino]] rabbit).<ref name="ARR1-RG">{{cite web|last1=Hinkle|first1=Amy|title=Rabbit [Color] Genes|url=http://www.amysrabbitranch.com/Color&Genetics/Allele%20List%202011.pdf|website=Amy's Rabbit Ranch|access-date=21 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303214855/http://www.amysrabbitranch.com/Color%26Genetics/Allele%20List%202011.pdf|archive-date=3 March 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="ARR2-RCG">{{cite web|last1=Hinkle|first1=Amy|title=[Rabbit Color] Genotypes|url=http://www.amysrabbitranch.com/Color&Genetics/Genotype%20List%202011.pdf|website=Amy's Rabbit Ranch|access-date=21 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111012193541/http://amysrabbitranch.com/Color%26Genetics/Genotype%20List%202011.pdf|archive-date=12 October 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> Within each group, the genes are listed in order of dominance, with the most dominant gene first. In parentheses after the description is at least one example of a color that displays this gene. [[File:Kaninchen3.jpg|thumb|right|Gene: c(ch2) (medium chinchilla)|215px]] [[File:Lapin Japonais.jpg|thumb|right|Gene: e(j) (Japanese [[Brindle|brindling]] (harlequin))|215px]] [[File:Broken Mini Rex.JPG|thumb|right|{{Unbulleted list|Gene: Enen|Pattern: Broken|Gene: D|Color: Chocolate (on white)|Gene: r1, r2|Fur type: Rex}}|215px]] [[File:Eithel, black Silver Fox doe.jpg|thumb|right|Gene: si (silvering of the hair shaft)|215px]] :''Note: lower case are recessive and capital letters are dominant'' *"A" represents the agouti locus (multiple bands of color on the hair shaft). The genes are: **A: agouti ("wild color" or chestnut agouti, opal, chinchilla, etc.) **a(t): tan pattern (otter, tan, silver marten) **a: self- or non-agouti (black, chocolate) *"B" represents the brown locus. The genes are: **B: black (chestnut agouti, black otter, black) **b: brown (chocolate agouti, chocolate otter, chocolate) *"C" represents the color locus. The genes are: **C: full color (black) **c(ch3): dark chinchilla, removes yellow pigmentation (chinchilla, silver marten) **c(ch2): medium (light) chinchilla, slight reduction in eumelanin creating a more sepia tone in the fur rather than black. **c(ch1): light (pale) chinchilla (sable, sable point, smoke pearl, seal) **c(h): color sensitive expression of color. Warmer parts of the body do not express color. Known as Himalayan, the body is white with extremities ([[Point (coat color)|points]]) colored in black, blue, chocolate or lilac. Pink eyes. **c: albino (ruby-eyed white or REW) *"D" represents the dilution locus. This gene dilutes black to blue and chocolate to lilac.<ref>{{cite journal|pmid=24320228|doi=10.1111/age.12104|volume=45|issue=2|title=A frameshift mutation in the melanophilin gene causes the dilute coat color in rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) breeds|year=2014|journal=Animal Genetics|pages=248β255|last1=Fontanesi|first1=L.|last2=Scotti|first2=E.|last3=Allain|first3=D.|last4=Dall'Olio|first4=S.}}</ref> **D: dense color (chestnut agouti, black, chocolate) **d: diluted color (opal, blue or lilac) *"E" represents the extension locus. It works with the 'A' and 'C' loci and rufous modifiers. When it is recessive, it removes most black pigment. The genes are: **E(d): dominant black **E(s): steel (black removed from tips of fur, which then appear golden or silver) **E: normal **e(j): Japanese brindling (harlequin), black and yellow pigment broken into patches over the body. In a broken color pattern, this results in Tricolor. **e: most black pigment removed (agouti becomes red or orange, self- becomes tortoise) *"En" represents the plus/minus (blanket/spot) color locus. It is [[incompletely dominant]] and results in three possible color patterns: **EnEn: "Charlie" or a lightly marked broken with color on ears, on nose, and sparsely on body **Enen: "Broken" with roughly even distribution of color and white **enen: Solid color with no white areas *"Du" represents the Dutch color pattern (the front of the face, the front part of the body, and rear paws are white; the rest of the rabbit has colored fur). The genes are: **Du: absence of Dutch pattern **du(d): Dutch (dark) **du(w): Dutch (white) *"V" represents the vienna white locus. The genes are: **V: normal color **Vv: Vienna carrier; carries blue-eyed white gene. May appear as a solid color, with snips of white on nose and/or front paws, or Dutch marked. **v: vienna white (blue-eyed white or BEW) *"Si" represents the silver locus. The genes are: **Si: normal color **si: silver color (silver, silver fox) *"W" represents the middle yellow-white band locus and works with the agouti gene. The genes are: **W: normal width of yellow band **w: doubles yellow bandwidth (otter becomes tan, intensified red factors in [[Thrianta]] and Belgian Hare) *"P" represents the [[Oculocutaneous albinism#Types|OCA type II form of albinism]]. P is used because it is an integral [[OCA2|P protein mutation]]. The genes are: **P: normal color **p: albinism mutation. Removes eumelanin and causes pink eyes. (Will change, for example, a chestnut agouti into a shadow)
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