Editing Cigarette (section)

=== Aquatic life health concerns ===
In the 2006 International Coastal Cleanup, cigarettes and cigarette butts constituted 24.7% of the total collected pieces of garbage, over twice as many as any other category, which is not surprising seeing the numbers in the table above of waste produced each year.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.oceanconservancy.org/site/DocServer/Final_ICC_report_2007_release.pdf?docID=2841 |title=International Coastal Cleanup 2006 Report, page 8 |access-date=November 13, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081126224658/http://www.oceanconservancy.org/site/DocServer/Final_ICC_report_2007_release.pdf?docID=2841 |archive-date=November 26, 2008 }}</ref>
Cigarette filters contain the chemicals filtered from cigarettes and can leach into waterways and [[water supply|water supplies]].<ref>{{cite web| title=CigaretteLitter.org| url=http://www.cigarettelitter.org| access-date=May 28, 2007| url-status=usurped| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070522143853/http://www.cigarettelitter.org/| archive-date=May 22, 2007}}</ref> The toxicity of used cigarette filters depends on the specific tobacco blend and additives used by the cigarette companies. After a cigarette is smoked, the filter retains some of the chemicals, and some of those are considered [[carcinogenic]].<ref name="Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology" /> When studying the environmental effects of cigarette filters, the various chemicals that can be found in cigarette filters are not studied individually, due to the complexity of doing so. Researchers instead focus on the whole cigarette filter and its LD<sub>50</sub>. LD<sub>50</sub> is defined as the lethal dose that kills 50% of a sample population. This allows for a simpler study of the toxicity of cigarette filters. One recent study has looked at the toxicity of smoked cigarette filters (smoked filter + tobacco), smoked cigarette filters (no tobacco), and unsmoked cigarette filters (no tobacco). The results of the study showed that for the LD<sub>50</sub> of both marine topsmelt (''[[Atherinops affinis]]'') and freshwater [[fathead minnow]] (''Pimephales promelas''), smoked cigarette filters + tobacco are more toxic than smoked cigarette filters, but both are severely more toxic than unsmoked cigarette filters.<ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Slaughter E, Gersberg RM, Watanabe K, Rudolph J, Stransky C, Novotny TE |title=Toxicity of cigarette butts, and their chemical components, to marine and freshwater fish |journal=Tobacco Control |volume=20 |issue=Suppl_1 |pages=25–29 |date=2011 | doi = 10.1136/tc.2010.040170 |pmid=21504921 |pmc=3088407 }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|+ LD<sub>50</sub> of cigarette filters to marine life (cigarette per liter)
! Cigarette type !! Marine topsmelt !! Fathead minnow
|-
| Smoked cigarette filter (smoked filter + tobacco) || 1.0 || 1.0

|-
| Smoked cigarette filters (no tobacco) || 1.8  || 4.3

|-
| Unsmoked cigarette filters (no tobacco) || 5.1 || 13.5
|}