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=== Client states === Both the Ottomans and Germans had [[client state]]s, they are listed below. {| class="wikitable" |+ !Client state !State in charge |- |[[Kingdom of Poland (1917–1918)|Poland]]<ref>The Regency Kingdom has been referred to as a [[puppet state]] by Norman Davies in ''Europe: A history'' ([https://books.google.com/books?id=jrVW9W9eiYMC&dq=%22Kingdom+of+Poland%22+1916+puppet&pg=PA910 Google Print, p. 910]); by Jerzy Lukowski and Hubert Zawadzki in ''A Concise History of Poland'' ([https://books.google.com/books?id=HMylRh-wHWEC&pg=PA218 Google Print, p. 218]); by Piotr J. Wroblel in ''Chronology of Polish History'' and ''Nation and History'' ([https://books.google.com/books?id=lzWHDEE6OqkC&pg=PA454 Google Print, p. 454]); and by Raymond Leslie Buell in ''Poland: Key to Europe'' ([https://books.google.com/books?id=-KcfGbrKptoC&q=Poland+Key+to+Europe Google Print, p. 68]: "The Polish Kingdom... was merely a pawn [of Germany]").</ref> |{{flagcountry|German Empire}} |- |[[Kingdom of Lithuania (1918)|Lithuania]]<ref name="maks">{{cite book |last=Maksimaitis |first=Mindaugas |title=Lietuvos valstybės konstitucijų istorija (XX a. pirmoji pusė) |publisher=Justitia |year=2005 |isbn=9955-616-09-1 |location=Vilnius |pages=36–44 |language=lt}}</ref> |{{flagcountry|German Empire}} |- |[[Belarusian Democratic Republic|Belarus]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-11-27 |title=The History of the Statehood of Belarus – Rada of the Belarusian Democratic Republic |url=https://www.radabnr.org/en/the-history-of-the-statehood-of-belarus/ |access-date=2024-10-06 |language=en-GB}}</ref>{{verification failed|date=January 2025}} |{{flagcountry|German Empire}} |- |[[Ukrainian State|Ukraine]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Wolczuk |first=Kataryna |title=The Moulding of Ukraine: The Constitutional Politics of State Formation |publisher=[[Central European University Press]] |year=2001 |page=37}}</ref> |{{flagcountry|German Empire}} |- |[[Crimean Regional Government|Crimea]]<ref name="Zerkalo">{{cite news |author=Vilayet |date=2006-12-02 |title=ПОЛЬСКИЕ ТАТАРЫ НА СЛУЖБЕ АЗЕРБАЙДЖАНСКОЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОСТИ |trans-title=Polish Tatars serving for Azerbaijani Statehood |publisher=Zerkalo |location=Baku}}</ref> |{{flagcountry|German Empire}} |- |[[Duchy of Courland and Semigallia (1918)|Courland and Semigallia]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=How the Duchy of Courland was briefly resurrected in 1918 |url=https://eng.lsm.lv/article/culture/history/how-the-duchy-of-courland-was-briefly-resurrected-in-1918.a271089/ |access-date=2024-09-29 |website=eng.lsm.lv |language=en}}</ref> |{{flagcountry|German Empire}} |- |[[United Baltic Duchy]]<ref name=":9">{{Cite web |title=Things to know about the United Baltic Duchy |url=https://eng.lsm.lv/article/culture/history/things-to-know-about-the-united-baltic-duchy.a274793/ |access-date=2024-09-29 |website=eng.lsm.lv |language=en}}</ref> |{{flagcountry|German Empire}} |- |[[Kingdom of Finland (1918)|Finland]]<ref>{{cite web |date=1988 |title=The Establishment of Finnish Democracy |url=http://countrystudies.us/finland/16.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170811143453/http://countrystudies.us/finland/16.htm |archive-date=Aug 11, 2017 |access-date=5 February 2017 |website=Finland: A Country Study |publisher=GPO for the Library of Congress |via=Country Studies US |editor-first1=Eric |editor-last1=Solsten |editor-first2=Sandra W. |editor-last2=Meditz}}</ref> |{{flagcountry|German Empire}} |- |[[Democratic Republic of Georgia|Georgia]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Suny |first=Robert Grigor |title=The Making of the Georgian Nation |publisher=[[Indiana University Press]] |year=1994}}</ref> |{{flagcountry|German Empire}} |- |[[Emirate of Jabal Shammar|Jabal Shammar]]<ref name="Encyclopedia.com">{{cite web |title=Jabal Shammar |url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/asia-and-africa/middle-eastern-history/jabal-shammar |publisher=Encyclopedia.com}}</ref> |{{flagu|Ottoman Empire|name=[[Ottoman Empire]]}} |- |[[Azerbaijan Democratic Republic|Azerbaijan]]<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Lerman |first1=Zvi |title=Rural Transition in Azerbaijan |last2=Sedik |first2=David |publisher=[[Lexington Books]] |year=2010}}</ref> |{{flagu|Ottoman Empire|name=[[Ottoman Empire]]}} |- |[[Qatar]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=Zahlan |first1=Rosemarie Said |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uVqFCwAAQBAJ |title=The Creation of Qatar |date=1979 |publisher=Croom Helm |isbn=978-1-138-18167-0 |location=Abingdon |page=74 |access-date=27 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230119043503/https://books.google.com/books?id=uVqFCwAAQBAJ |archive-date=19 January 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> |{{flagu|Ottoman Empire|name=[[Ottoman Empire]]}} |- |[[Imams of Yemen|Yemen]]<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gerteiny |first=Alfred G. |date=April 1974 |title=Muddle of the Middle East, Volumes I and II |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03612759.1974.9947344 |journal=History: Reviews of New Books |volume=2 |issue=6 |pages=147–148 |doi=10.1080/03612759.1974.9947344 |issn=0361-2759}}</ref> |{{flagu|Ottoman Empire|name=[[Ottoman Empire]]}} |}
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