Editing Bath, Somerset (section)

==Culture==
[[File:Pulteney Bridge, Bath 2.jpg|thumb|alt=Yellow/Gray stone bridge with three arches over water which reflects the bridge and the church spire behind. A weir is on the left with other yellow stone buildings behind.|upright|right|18th-century [[Pulteney Bridge]], designed by [[Robert Adam]]]]
Bath became the centre of fashionable life in England during the 18th century when its Old Orchard Street Theatre and [[architectural]] developments such as Lansdown Crescent,<ref>{{cite web |title=1 to 20 Lansdown Crescent |work=Images of England |publisher=Historic England |url=http://www.imagesofengland.org.uk/Details/Default.aspx?id=442760 |access-date=2 May 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150502233639/http://www.imagesofengland.org.uk/Details/Default.aspx?id=442760 |archive-date=2 May 2015 }}</ref> the Royal Crescent,<ref>{{cite web |title=Royal Crescent |work=Images of England |publisher=Historic England |url=http://www.imagesofengland.org.uk/Details/Default.aspx?id=443488 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071103232721/http://www.imagesofengland.org.uk/details/default.aspx?id=443488 |url-status=dead |archive-date=3 November 2007 |access-date=2 May 2015 }}</ref> [[The Circus (Bath)|The Circus]], and Pulteney Bridge were built.<ref>{{cite web |title=Pulteney Bridge |work=Images of England |publisher=Historic England |url=http://www.imagesofengland.org.uk/Details/Default.aspx?id=443316 |access-date=2 May 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150428134233/http://www.imagesofengland.org.uk/Details/Default.aspx?id=443316 |archive-date=28 April 2015 }}</ref>

Bath's five theatres&nbsp;– [[Theatre Royal, Bath|Theatre Royal]], [[Ustinov Studio]], [[The egg, Bath|the Egg]], the [[Rondo Theatre]], and the [[Mission Theatre]]&nbsp;– attract internationally renowned companies and directors and an annual season by [[Peter Hall (director)|Sir Peter Hall]]. The city has a long-standing musical tradition; Bath Abbey, home to the [[Klais Orgelbau|Klais Organ]] and the largest concert venue in the city,<ref>{{cite web |title=Abbey Church |work=Images of England |publisher=Historic England |url=http://www.imagesofengland.org.uk/Details/Default.aspx?id=442109 |access-date=2 May 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150428135539/http://www.imagesofengland.org.uk/Details/Default.aspx?id=442109 |archive-date=28 April 2015 }}</ref> stages about 20 concerts and 26 organ recitals each year. Another concert venue, the 1,600-seat [[art deco]] [[The Forum, Bath|The Forum]], originated as a cinema. The city holds the annual [[Bath International Music Festival]] and Mozartfest, the annual [[Bath Literature Festival]] (and its [[Bath Festival of Children's Literature|counterpart for children]]), the [[Bath Film Festival]], the Bath Digital Festival. the [[Bath Fringe Festival]], the [[Bath Beer Festival]] and the [[Bath Chilli Festival]]. The Bach Festivals occur at two and a half-year intervals. An annual [[Bard of Bath]] competition aims to find the best poet, singer or storyteller.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://sites.google.com/site/bardofbath/ |title=Bard of Bath |publisher=Bard of Bath |access-date=10 January 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110408165026/http://sites.google.com/site/bardofbath/ |archive-date=8 April 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref>

The city is home to the [[Victoria Art Gallery]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Victoria Art Gallery |work=Images of England |publisher=Historic England |url=http://www.imagesofengland.org.uk/Details/Default.aspx?id=442375 |access-date=2 May 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090615202324/http://www.imagesofengland.org.uk/details/default.aspx?id=442375 |archive-date=15 June 2009 }}</ref> the [[Museum of East Asian Art, Bath|Museum of East Asian Art]], and [[Holburne Museum]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Holburne of Menstrie Museum |work=Images of England |publisher=Historic England |url=http://www.imagesofengland.org.uk/Details/Default.aspx?id=443742 |access-date=2 May 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150428181731/http://www.imagesofengland.org.uk/Details/Default.aspx?id=443742 |archive-date=28 April 2015 }}</ref> numerous commercial art galleries and antique shops, as well as a number of other museums, among them [[Bath Postal Museum]], the [[Fashion Museum, Bath|Fashion Museum]], the [[Jane Austen Centre]], the [[Herschel Museum of Astronomy]] and the Roman Baths.<ref>{{cite web |title=Roman Baths Treatment Centre |work=Images of England |publisher=Historic England |url=http://www.imagesofengland.org.uk/Details/Default.aspx?id=442194 |access-date=2 May 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090615202319/http://www.imagesofengland.org.uk/details/default.aspx?id=442194 |archive-date=15 June 2009 }}</ref> The [[Bath Royal Literary and Scientific Institution]] (BRLSI) in Queen Square was founded in 1824 from the Society for the encouragement of Agriculture, Planting, Manufactures, Commerce and the Fine Arts founded in 1777.<ref>{{cite web |title=Library and archives |url=http://www.brlsi.org/library-archives |publisher=Bath Royal Literary and Scientific Institution |access-date=2 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150721171510/http://www.brlsi.org/library-archives |archive-date=21 July 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref> In September 1864, BRLSI hosted the 34th annual meeting of the [[British Science Association]], which was attended by explorers [[David Livingstone]], [[Sir Richard Francis Burton]], and [[John Hanning Speke]]. The history of the city is displayed at the [[Museum of Bath Architecture]], which is housed in a building built in 1765 as the Trinity [[Presbyterian]] Church. It was also known as the [[Selina Hastings, Countess of Huntingdon|Countess of Huntingdon]]'s Chapel, as she lived in the attached house from 1707 to 1791.<ref>{{cite web |title=Trinity Presbyterian Church (Countess of Huntingdon's Chapel) and Chapel House, forecourt wall, gatepiers and gates |work=Images of England |publisher=Historic England |url=http://www.imagesofengland.org.uk/details/default.aspx?id=443914 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121022003255/http://www.imagesofengland.org.uk/details/default.aspx?id=443914 |url-status=dead |archive-date=22 October 2012 |access-date=2 May 2015 }}</ref>

===The arts===
[[File:Holbornemuseum.jpg|thumb|[[Holburne Museum]]]]
During the 18th century [[Thomas Gainsborough]] and [[Sir Thomas Lawrence]] lived and worked in Bath.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.artchive.com/artchive/G/gainsborough.html |title=Thomas Gainsborough |access-date=9 December 2007 |work=The Artchive |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071214172531/http://www.artchive.com/artchive/G/gainsborough.html |archive-date=14 December 2007 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.histclo.com/art/artist-law.html |title=Artists Illustrating Boys' Fashions: Sir Thomas Lawrence (England, 1769–1830) |work=Historical Boys Clothing |access-date=2 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924030255/http://www.histclo.com/art/artist-law.html |archive-date=24 September 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[John Maggs]], a painter best known for coaching scenes, was born and lived in Bath with his artistic family.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.arthistoryclub.com/art_history/John_Maggs |title=John Maggs |publisher=Art History Club |access-date=27 March 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120213144132/http://www.arthistoryclub.com/art_history/John_Maggs |archive-date=13 February 2012 }}</ref>

[[Jane Austen]] lived there from 1801 with her father, mother and sister Cassandra, and the family resided at four different addresses until 1806.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.janeausten.co.uk/ |title=Jane Austen Centre |access-date=2 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100526093209/http://www.janeausten.co.uk/ |archive-date=26 May 2010 |url-status=live }}</ref> Jane Austen never liked the city, and wrote to Cassandra, "It will be two years tomorrow since we left Bath for Clifton, with what happy feelings of escape."<ref>{{cite book |title=Jane Austen: A Life |last=David |first=David |year=1998 |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=978-0-520-21606-8 |page=264 }}</ref> Bath has honoured her name with the Jane Austen Centre and a city walk. Austen's ''[[Northanger Abbey]]'' and ''[[Persuasion (novel)|Persuasion]]'' are set in the city and describe taking the waters, social life, and music recitals.

[[William Friese-Greene]] experimented with celluloid and motion pictures in his studio in the 1870s, developing some of the earliest movie camera technology. He is credited as being one of the inventors of [[cinematography]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.victorian-cinema.net/friesegreene.htm |title=William Friese Greene |access-date=9 December 2007 |work=Who's Who of Victorian Cinema |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071018232840/http://www.victorian-cinema.net/friesegreene.htm |archive-date=18 October 2007 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Satirist and political journalist [[William Hone]] was born in Bath in 1780.

Taking the waters is described in [[Charles Dickens]]' novel ''[[The Pickwick Papers]]'' in which Pickwick's servant, [[Sam Weller (character)|Sam Weller]], comments that the water has "a very strong flavour o' warm flat irons". The Royal Crescent is the venue for a chase between two characters, Dowler and Winkle.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dickens-literature.com/The_Pickwick_Papers/ |title=The Pickwick Papers |access-date=10 December 2007 |work=Complete works of Charles Dickens |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071207011018/http://www.dickens-literature.com/The_Pickwick_Papers/ |archive-date=7 December 2007 |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Moyra Caldecott]]'s novel ''The Waters of Sul'' is set in Roman Bath in AD&nbsp;72, and ''[[The Regency Detective]]'', by [[David Lassman]] and [[Terence James]], revolves around the exploits of Jack Swann investigating deaths in the city during the early 19th century.<ref>{{cite news |title=Pageturners |url=http://www.bathchronicle.co.uk/Pageturners/story-19340352-detail/story.html |access-date=4 May 2015 |work=Bath Chronicle |date=20 June 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923192528/http://www.bathchronicle.co.uk/Pageturners/story-19340352-detail/story.html |archive-date=23 September 2015 }}</ref> [[Richard Brinsley Sheridan]]'s play ''[[The Rivals]]'' takes place in the city,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.theatrehistory.com/irish/rivals.html |title=The Rivals: A synopsis of the play by Richard Brinsley Sheridan |work=Theatre History.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071130135018/http://www.theatrehistory.com/irish/rivals.html |archive-date=30 November 2007 |url-status=live |access-date=2 May 2015 }}</ref> as does [[Roald Dahl]]'s chilling short story, [[The Landlady (short story)|''The Landlady'']].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.teachingenglish.org.uk/try/britlit/landlady |format=PDF |title=The Landlady by Roald Dahl |access-date=21 November 2009 |work=Teaching English |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091012042247/http://www.teachingenglish.org.uk/try/britlit/landlady |archive-date=12 October 2009 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Many films and television programmes have been filmed using its architecture as the backdrop, including the 2004 [[Vanity Fair (2004 film)|film]] of [[William Makepeace Thackeray|Thackeray]]'s ''[[Vanity Fair (novel)|Vanity Fair]]'',<ref name="imdb"/> ''[[The Duchess (film)|The Duchess]]'' (2008),<ref name="imdb"/> ''[[The Elusive Pimpernel (1950 film)|The Elusive Pimpernel]]'' (1950)<ref name="imdb"/> and ''[[The Titfield Thunderbolt]]'' (1953).<ref name="imdb">{{cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/search/title?endings=on&&locations=Bath,%20Somerset,%20England,%20UK&&heading=18;with+locations+including;Bath,%20Somerset,%20England,%20UK |title=Titles with locations including Bath, Somerset |access-date=10 December 2007 |publisher=Internet Movie Database |archive-date=23 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210123225454/https://www.imdb.com/search/title/?endings=on&locations=Bath%2C+Somerset%2C+England%2C+UK&heading=18&with+locations+including=&Bath%2C+Somerset%2C+England%2C+UK= |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2012, Pulteney Weir was used as a replacement location during post production of the film adaptation of [[Les Misérables (2012 film)|''Les Misérables'']]. Stunt shots were filmed in October 2012 after footage acquired during the main filming period was found to have errors.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bathchronicle.co.uk/Hollywood-comes-Bath-Les-Miserables-filmed/story-17148621-detail/story.html |title=Movie version of West End musical Les Miserables filming in Bath |publisher=This is Bath |date=23 October 2012 |access-date=26 March 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131023130633/http://www.bathchronicle.co.uk/Hollywood-comes-Bath-Les-Miserables-filmed/story-17148621-detail/story.html |archive-date=23 October 2013 }}</ref> The ITV police drama [[McDonald & Dodds]] is set and mostly filmed in Bath using many of the city's famous sites.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Selby |first=Jenn |date=15 March 2020 |title=All the filming locations for scenic crime drama McDonald & Dodds |url=https://inews.co.uk/culture/mcdonald-and-dodds-filming-locations-where-filmed-itv-bath-bristol-drama-series-403165 |access-date=19 July 2022 |website=inews.co.uk |language=en |archive-date=19 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220719123453/https://inews.co.uk/culture/mcdonald-and-dodds-filming-locations-where-filmed-itv-bath-bristol-drama-series-403165 |url-status=live }}</ref>

In August 2003 [[The Three Tenors]] sang at a concert to mark the opening of the Thermae Bath Spa, a new hot water [[Thermae|spa]] in the city centre, but delays to the project meant the spa actually opened three years later on 7 August 2006.<ref>{{cite web |last=Carey |first=Peter |title=Reviving the Cross Bath |url=http://www.buildingconservation.com/articles/crossbath/crossbath.htm |publisher=Building Conservation |access-date=2 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923195123/http://www.buildingconservation.com/articles/crossbath/crossbath.htm |archive-date=23 September 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2008, 104 decorated pigs were displayed around the city in a public art event called "King Bladud's Pigs in Bath". It celebrated the city, its origins and artists. Decorated pig sculptures were displayed throughout the summer and were auctioned to raise funds for [[Two Tunnels Greenway]].<ref>{{cite web |title=King Bladud's Pigs in Bath |url=http://www.kingbladudspigs.org/ |publisher=King Bladud's Pigs in Bath |access-date=2 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150509220216/http://www.kingbladudspigs.org/ |archive-date=9 May 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Parks===
[[File:Bath - Parade Gardens - July 2006.jpg|thumb|alt=Large green area with small open- sided structure in the middle. Behind is a yellow-coloured building.|right|Parade Gardens and the [[Empire Hotel, Bath|Empire Hotel]].]]
[[Royal Victoria Park, Bath|Royal Victoria Park]], a short walk from the city centre, was opened in 1830 by the 11-year-old [[Queen Victoria|Princess Victoria]], and was the first park to carry her name.<ref>{{cite web |title=Royal Victoria Park |url=http://visitbath.co.uk/things-to-do/royal-victoria-park-p25701 |publisher=Visit Bath |access-date=4 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150314233748/http://visitbath.co.uk/things-to-do/royal-victoria-park-p25701 |archive-date=14 March 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref> The [[public park]] is overlooked by the Royal Crescent and covers {{convert|23|ha|acre}}.<ref name="vicpark">{{cite web |url=http://www.bathnes.gov.uk/services/sport-leisure-and-parks/parks-opening-times-and-locations/royal-victoria-park |title=Victoria Park |access-date=9 December 2007 |work=City of Bath |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120922135221/http://www.bathnes.gov.uk/services/sport-leisure-and-parks/parks-opening-times-and-locations/royal-victoria-park |archive-date=22 September 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> It has<ref name="vicpark"/> a [[skatepark]], tennis courts, a [[bowling green]], a putting green and a 12- and 18-hole golf course, a pond, open-air concerts, an annual [[travelling funfair]] at Easter,<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thisisbath.co.uk/10-places-visit-Easter-Bath/story-15589562-detail/story.html |title=Here are 10 places to visit over Easter in Bath |date=22 March 2012 |newspaper=[[Bath Chronicle]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120822154519/http://www.thisisbath.co.uk/10-places-visit-Easter-Bath/story-15589562-detail/story.html |archive-date=22 August 2012 |access-date=13 June 2012 }}</ref> and a children's play area. Much of its area is [[lawn]]; a notable feature is a [[ha-ha]] that segregates it from the Royal Crescent while giving the impression from the Crescent of uninterrupted grassland across the park to Royal Avenue. It has a "[[Green Flag Award]]", the national standard for parks and green spaces in England and Wales, and is registered by [[English Heritage]] as of [[Register of Historic Parks and Gardens of special historic interest in England|National Historic Importance]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.greenflagaward.org.uk/winners/GSP001022/ |title=Royal Victoria Park |access-date=25 January 2008 |work=Green Flag award |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080206023920/http://www.greenflagaward.org.uk/winners/GSP001022/ |archive-date=6 February 2008 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The {{convert|3.84|ha|acre|adj=on}} botanical gardens were formed in 1887 and contain one of the finest collections of plants on limestone in the [[West Country]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bathnes.gov.uk/services/sport-leisure-and-parks/parks-opening-times-and-locations/botanic-gardens |title=measurement given in acres |publisher=Bathnes.gov.uk |access-date=24 February 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120922135157/http://www.bathnes.gov.uk/services/sport-leisure-and-parks/parks-opening-times-and-locations/botanic-gardens |archive-date=22 September 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

A replica Roman Temple was built at the [[British Empire Exhibition]] at [[Wembley]] in 1924, and, following the exhibition, was dismantled and rebuilt in Victoria Park in Bath.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/bristol/content/articles/2007/06/27/royal_victoria_park_feature.shtml |title=Playing in the park |publisher=BBC Bristol |access-date=2 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080205031448/http://www.bbc.co.uk/bristol/content/articles/2007/06/27/royal_victoria_park_feature.shtml |archive-date=5 February 2008 |url-status=live }}</ref> In 1987, the gardens were extended to include the Great Dell, a disused quarry with a collection of [[conifers]].<ref>{{cite web |title=The Great Dell |url=http://visitbath.co.uk/things-to-do/the-botanical-gardens-p26041 |publisher=Bath Botanical Gardens |access-date=26 August 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209184614/http://visitbath.co.uk/things-to-do/the-botanical-gardens-p26041 |archive-date=9 February 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Other parks include Alexandra Park on a hill overlooking the city; [[Parade Gardens]], along the river near the abbey in the city centre; [[Sydney Gardens]], an 18th-century pleasure garden; Henrietta Park; Hedgemead Park; and Alice Park. [[Jane Austen]] wrote "It would be pleasant to be near the Sydney Gardens. We could go into the Labyrinth every day."<ref>{{cite book |title=Jane Austen: Her homes & her friends |url=https://archive.org/details/janeaustenherhom00hilluoft |last=Hill |first=Constance |year=1901 |publisher=John Lane. Dodley Head Ltd }}</ref> Alexandra, Alice and Henrietta parks were built into the growing city among the housing developments.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.avongardenstrust.org.uk/gardens.html |title=Local parks and gardens |access-date=21 November 2009 |work=Avon Gardens Trust |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140417001818/http://www.avongardenstrust.org.uk/gardens.html |archive-date=17 April 2014 }}</ref> Linear Park is built on the old [[Somerset and Dorset Joint Railway]] line,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Linear Park {{!}} Bathnes |url=https://www.bathnes.gov.uk/services/sport-leisure-and-parks/parks-green-spaces/find-park/linear-park |access-date=9 November 2020 |website=www.bathnes.gov.uk |archive-date=9 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109054119/https://www.bathnes.gov.uk/services/sport-leisure-and-parks/parks-green-spaces/find-park/linear-park |url-status=live }}</ref> and connects with the [[Two Tunnels Greenway]] which contains the longest cycling and walking tunnel in the UK. [[Cleveland Pools]] were built around 1815 close to the River Avon,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.imagesofengland.org.uk/Details/Default.aspx?id=445855 |title=Cleveland Baths |work=Images of England |publisher=Historic England |access-date=25 August 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120301214737/http://www.imagesofengland.org.uk/Details/Default.aspx?id=445855 |archive-date=1 March 2012 }}</ref> now the oldest surviving public outdoor [[Lido (swimming pool)|lido]] in England.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Morris |first1=Steven |title=Bath's Georgian swimming pool wins £4.5&nbsp;m towards restoration |url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2014/aug/11/bath-georgian-swimming-pool-wins-funding-restoration |access-date=3 May 2015 |work=The Guardian |date=11 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150504180019/http://www.theguardian.com/culture/2014/aug/11/bath-georgian-swimming-pool-wins-funding-restoration |archive-date=4 May 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref> Restoration was completed in 2023, after a 20 year fund-raising campaign, with the lido opening for the first time in 40 years on 10 September.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Miller |first1=Tracey |last2=Limbu |first2=Dawn |title=Cleveland Pools: Bath's Georgian lido reopens after 40 years |work=BBC News |date=10 September 2023 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-somerset-66769385 |access-date=10 September 2023 |archive-date=11 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230911002604/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-somerset-66769385 |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Queen Victoria===
Victoria Art Gallery and Royal Victoria Park are named after [[Queen Victoria]], who wrote in her journal in 1837, "The people are really too kind to me."<ref name="www.queenvictoriasjournals.org displayItem">{{cite web |title=RA VIC/MAIN/QVJ (W) 27 May 1837 (Lord Esher's copies). |url=http://www.queenvictoriasjournals.org/search/displayItem.do?FormatType=fulltextimgsrc&QueryType=articles&ResultsID=2738801173692&filterSequence=0&PageNumber=1&ItemNumber=2&ItemID=qvj01737&volumeType=ESHER |access-date=24 May 2013 |archive-date=23 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210123225454/http://qvj.chadwyck.com/marketing.do?FormatType=fulltextimgsrc&QueryType=articles&ResultsID=2738801173692&filterSequence=0&PageNumber=1&ItemNumber=2&ItemID=qvj01737&volumeType=ESHER |url-status=live }}</ref> This feeling seemed to have been reciprocated by the people of Bath: "Lord James O'Brien brought a drawing of the intended pillar which the people of Bath are so kind as to erect in commemoration of my 18th birthday."<ref name="www.queenvictoriasjournals.org displayItem"/>

===Food===
[[File:BathSallyLunn's.jpg|thumb|upright|alt=Building with large white framed windows.|right|Sally Lunn's, home of the [[Sally Lunn bun]]]]
Several foods have an association with the city. ''[[Sally Lunn bun]]s'' (a type of [[teacake]]) have long been baked in Bath. They were first mentioned by name in verses printed in the [[Bath Chronicle]], in 1772.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://whatscookingamerica.net/History/Cakes/SallyLunnCake.htm |title=History of Sally Lunn Cake |access-date=10 December 2007 |work=Whats cooking America |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080106085446/http://whatscookingamerica.net/History/Cakes/SallyLunnCake.htm |archive-date=6 January 2008 |url-status=live }}</ref> At that time they were eaten hot at public breakfasts in Spring Gardens. They can be eaten with sweet or savoury toppings and are sometimes confused with ''[[Bath bun]]s'', which are smaller, round, very sweet and very rich. They were associated with the city following [[The Great Exhibition]]. Bath buns were originally topped with crushed [[comfit]]s created by dipping [[caraway]] seeds repeatedly in boiling sugar; but today seeds are added to a 'London Bath Bun' (a reference to the bun's promotion and sale at the Great Exhibition).<ref>{{cite book |title=Oxford Companion to Food p 114 |last=Davidson |first=Alan |year=1999 |isbn=978-0-19-211579-9 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/oxfordcompaniont00davi_0 }}</ref> The seeds may be replaced by crushed sugar granules or 'nibs'.<ref>{{cite web |title=Bath buns |url=http://recipewise.co.uk/bath-buns |publisher=Recipewise |access-date=26 August 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019180701/http://recipewise.co.uk/bath-buns |archive-date=19 October 2013 }}</ref>

Bath has lent its name to one other distinctive recipe&nbsp;– ''[[Bath Oliver]]s''&nbsp;– a dry baked biscuit invented by Dr William Oliver, physician to the [[Mineral Water Hospital]] in 1740.<ref name="oliver">{{cite web |url=http://www.cornwall-calling.co.uk/famous-cornish-people/oliver.htm |title=Dr William Oliver, Bath Oliver Biscuit Inventor |access-date=9 December 2007 |work=Cornwall calling |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071116174136/http://www.cornwall-calling.co.uk/famous-cornish-people/oliver.htm |archive-date=16 November 2007 |url-status=live }}</ref> Oliver was an anti-obesity campaigner and author of a ''"Practical Essay on the Use and Abuse of warm Bathing in Gluty Cases"''.<ref name="oliver"/> In more recent years, Oliver's efforts have been traduced by the introduction of a version of the biscuit with a plain chocolate coating. [[Bath chaps]], the salted and smoked cheek and jawbones of the pig, takes its name from the city<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O39-Bathchap.html |title=Bath chap |work=A Dictionary of Food and Nutrition, Oxford University Press |access-date=2 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924134217/http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O39-Bathchap.html |archive-date=24 September 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref> and is available from a stall in the daily covered market. [[Bath Ales]] brewery is located in [[Warmley]] and [[Abbey Ales]] are brewed in the city.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.abbeyales.co.uk/page.asp?id=aboutus |title=About Abbey Ales |access-date=7 January 2008 |work=Abbey Ales |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080619050133/http://www.abbeyales.co.uk/page.asp?id=aboutus |archive-date=19 June 2008 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

===Twinning===
[[Sister city|City twinning]] is the responsibility of the Charter Trustees and each twinning arrangement is managed by a Twinning Association.<ref name="twinning">{{cite web |url=http://www.bathnes.gov.uk/services/tourism-and-heritage/twinning |title=Twinning |access-date=7 May 2015 |work=Bath and North East Somerset Council |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161017203511/http://bathnes.gov.uk/services/tourism-and-heritage/twinning |archive-date=17 October 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Bath twinnings">{{cite web |url=http://www.mayorofbath.co.uk/twinning-associations |title=Bath's Twinning Associations |access-date=15 July 2013 |work=The Mayor of Bath |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130803141431/http://www.mayorofbath.co.uk/twinning-associations |archive-date=3 August 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref> Bath is twinned with four other cities in Europe:
* [[Aix-en-Provence]], France<ref name="Bath twinnings"/><ref name="Archant twinning">{{cite web |url=http://www.completefrance.com/language-culture/twin-towns |title=British towns twinned with French towns |work=Archant Community Media Ltd |access-date=2 May 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130705094933/http://www.completefrance.com/language-culture/twin-towns |archive-date=5 July 2013 }}</ref>
* [[Alkmaar]], Netherlands<ref name="Bath twinnings"/>
* [[Braunschweig]], Germany<ref name="Bath twinnings"/><ref name="Braunschweig twinnings">{{cite web |url=http://www.braunschweig.de/kultur_tourismus/stadtportraet/partnerstaedte/index.html |title=Braunschweigs Partner und Freundschaftsstädte |access-date=7 August 2013 |work=Stadt Braunschweig [[Braunschweig|City of Braunschweig]] |language=de |trans-title=Braunschweig&nbsp;– Partner and Friendship Cities |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121201122754/http://www.braunschweig.de/kultur_tourismus/stadtportraet/partnerstaedte/partner_freundschaftsstaedte.html |archive-date=1 December 2012 }}</ref>
* [[Kaposvár]], Hungary<ref name="Bath twinnings"/>

There is also a historic connection with [[Manly, New South Wales]], Australia, which is referred to as a sister city; a partnership arrangement with [[Beppu]], [[Ōita Prefecture]], Japan;<ref name="Bath twinnings"/> and a friendship agreement with [[Oleksandriia]], [[Kirovohrad Oblast]], Ukraine.<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 July 2023 |title=Council signs Friendship Agreement with Ukrainian city council |url=https://newsroom.bathnes.gov.uk/news/council-signs-friendship-agreement-ukrainian-city-council |website=Bath & North East Somerset Council }}</ref>