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===Lost works=== Many written works by Archimedes have not survived or are only extant in heavily edited fragments:{{sfn|Netz|2022|p=133-135}} [[Pappus of Alexandria]] mentions ''On Sphere-Making'', as well as a work on [[semiregular polyhedra]], and another work on spirals, while [[Theon of Alexandria]] quotes a remark about [[refraction]] from the {{nowrap|now-lost}} ''Catoptrica''. ''Principles'', addressed to Zeuxippus, explained the number system used in ''[[The Sand Reckoner]]''; there are also ''On Balances''; ''On Centers of Gravity.''{{sfn|Netz|2022|p=133-135}} Scholars in the medieval Islamic world also attribute to Archimedes a formula for calculating the area of a triangle from the length of its sides, which today is known as [[Heron's formula]] due to its first known appearance in the work of [[Hero of Alexandria|Heron of Alexandria]] in the 1st century AD, and may have been proven in a lost work of Archimedes that is no longer extant.{{sfn|Netz|2022|p=135-136}}
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