Editing World Trade Organization (section)

==Impact==
Studies show that the WTO boosted trade.<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal|last1=Goldstein|first1=Judith L.|last2=Rivers|first2=Douglas|last3=Tomz|first3=Michael|date=2007|title=Institutions in International Relations: Understanding the Effects of the GATT and the WTO on World Trade|journal=International Organization|language=en|volume=61|issue=1|pages=37–67|doi=10.1017/S0020818307070014|doi-broken-date=1 November 2024 |issn=1531-5088 |author-link1=Judith Goldstein (political scientist)|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite journal|last1=Tomz|first1=Michael|last2=Goldstein|first2=Judith L|last3=Rivers|first3=Douglas|date=2007|title=Do We Really Know That the WTO Increases Trade? Comment|journal=American Economic Review|language=en|volume=97|issue=5|pages=2005–2018|doi=10.1257/aer.97.5.2005|issn=0002-8282}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Chen|first=Natalie|doi-access=free |title=Gravity and heterogeneous trade cost elasticities|journal=Economic Journal|year=2021|volume=132|issue=644|pages=1349–1377|doi=10.1093/ej/ueab067|oclc=1259290547}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Goldstein|first1=Judith|last2=Gulotty|first2=Robert|date=2021|title=Trading Away Tariffs: The Operations of the GATT System|journal=World Trade Review|volume=21 |issue=2 |pages=135–158|language=en|doi=10.1017/S1474745621000458|s2cid=239630296 |issn=1474-7456|doi-access=}}</ref> Research shows that in the absence of the WTO, the average country would face an increase in tariffs on their exports by 32 percentage points.<ref name=":5">{{Cite journal|last1=Silva|first1=Peri Agostinho|last2=Nicita|first2=Alessandro|last3=Olarreaga|first3=Marcelo|date=2018|title=Cooperation in WTO's Tariff Waters?|url=http://www.ferdi.fr/sites/www.ferdi.fr/files/publication/fichiers/p176-_ferdi_-olarreaga_and_all.pdf|journal=Journal of Political Economy|volume=126|issue=3|pages=1302–1338|doi=10.1086/697085|issn=0022-3808|s2cid=152401600|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190429100839/http://www.ferdi.fr/sites/www.ferdi.fr/files/publication/fichiers/p176-_ferdi_-olarreaga_and_all.pdf|archive-date=29 April 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://voxeu.org/article/trade-war-will-increase-average-tariffs-32-percentage-points|title=A trade war will increase average tariffs by 32 percentage points|last1=Nicita|first1=Alessandro|last2=Olarreaga|first2=Marcelo|date=5 April 2018|website=VoxEU.org|access-date=27 April 2018|last3=Silva|first3=Peri da|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180427180653/https://voxeu.org/article/trade-war-will-increase-average-tariffs-32-percentage-points|archive-date=27 April 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> The dispute settlement mechanism in the WTO is one way in which trade is increased.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Bechtel|first1=Michael M.|last2=Sattler|first2=Thomas|date=2015|title=What Is Litigation in the World Trade Organization Worth?|journal=International Organization|language=en|volume=69|issue=2|pages=375–403|doi=10.1017/S002081831400037X|s2cid=232251704|issn=0020-8183}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Shin|first1=Wonkyu|last2=Ahn|first2=Dukgeun|date=2019|title=Trade Gains from Legal Rulings in the WTO Dispute Settlement System|journal=World Trade Review|language=en|volume=18|issue=1|pages=1–31|doi=10.1017/S1474745617000544|issn=1474-7456|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Bown|first=Chad P.|date=2004|title=On the Economic Success of GATT/WTO Dispute Settlement|url=https://ideas.repec.org/a/tpr/restat/v86y2004i3p811-823.html|journal=The Review of Economics and Statistics|language=en|volume=86|issue=3|pages=811–823|doi=10.1162/0034653041811680|s2cid=28108505|access-date=24 March 2020|archive-date=24 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200324165318/https://ideas.repec.org/a/tpr/restat/v86y2004i3p811-823.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Bown|first=Chad P.|date=2004|title=Trade Policy under the GATT/WTO: Empirical Evidence of the Equal Treatment Rule|journal=The Canadian Journal of Economics |volume=37|issue=3|pages=678–720|doi=10.1111/j.0008-4085.2004.00243.x|jstor=3696011|s2cid=5705448|issn=0008-4085}}</ref>

According to a 2017 study in the ''[[Journal of International Economic Law]]'', "nearly all recent preferential trade agreements (PTAs) reference the WTO explicitly, often dozens of times across multiple chapters. Likewise, in many of these same PTAs we find that substantial portions of treaty language—sometime the majority of a chapter—is copied verbatim from a WTO agreement... the presence of the WTO in PTAs has increased over time."<ref name=":6">{{Cite journal|last1=Allee|first1=Todd|last2=Elsig|first2=Manfred|last3=Lugg|first3=Andrew|date=2017|title=The Ties between the World Trade Organization and Preferential Trade Agreements: A Textual Analysis|journal=Journal of International Economic Law|language=en|volume=20|issue=2|pages=333–363|doi=10.1093/jiel/jgx009|issn=1369-3034}}</ref>