Editing Urinary tract infection (section)

=== Pregnant women ===
Urinary tract infections, even asymptomatic presence of bacteria in the urine, are more concerning in pregnancy due to the increased risk of kidney infections.<ref name="NA2011" /> During pregnancy, high [[progesterone]] levels elevate the risk of decreased muscle tone of the ureters and bladder, which leads to a greater likelihood of reflux, where urine flows back up the ureters and towards the kidneys.<ref name="NA2011" /> While pregnant women do not have an increased risk of asymptomatic bacteriuria, if bacteriuria is present they do have a 25–40% risk of a kidney infection.<ref name="NA2011" /> Thus if urine testing shows signs of an infection—even in the absence of symptoms—treatment is recommended.<ref name=":0" /><ref name="Guinto-2010" /> [[Cephalexin]] or nitrofurantoin are typically used because they are generally considered safe in pregnancy.<ref name="Guinto-2010" /> A kidney infection during pregnancy may result in [[preterm birth]] or [[pre-eclampsia]] (a state of [[hypertension|high blood pressure]] and kidney dysfunction during pregnancy that can lead to [[seizure]]s).<ref name="NA2011" /> Some women have UTIs that keep coming back in pregnancy.<ref name="pmid26221993">{{cite journal |vauthors=Schneeberger C, Geerlings SE, Middleton P, Crowther CA |date=July 2015 |title=Interventions for preventing recurrent urinary tract infection during pregnancy |journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews |volume=2015 |issue=7 |pages=CD009279 |doi=10.1002/14651858.CD009279.pub3 |pmc=6457953 |pmid=26221993}}</ref> There is insufficient research on how to best treat these recurrent infections.<ref name="pmid26221993" />