Editing Tuberculosis (section)

=== Public health ===
[[File:Notice Do not spit - National Association for the Prevention of Tuberculosis Dublin Branch.jpg|thumb|A tuberculosis public health campaign in Ireland, 1905]]The first [[International Congress on Tuberculosis]] was held at Berlin in 1899. It was known by this time that tuberculosis was caused by a [[bacillus]], thought to be passed by [[phlegm]] coughed up by a sick person, dried into dust and then inhaled by a healthy person.{{sfn|Maxwell|Pye-Smith|1899|p=5}} Milk was known to be an important means of infection.{{sfn|Maxwell|Pye-Smith|1899|p=5}} Means of prevention included free ventilation of houses and wholesome and abundant food. Milk should be boiled, and meat should be carefully inspected, or else the cattle tested for infection. Cures for the disease included abundant food, particularly of a fatty nature, and life in the open air.{{sfn|Maxwell|Pye-Smith|1899|p=8}}

TB was made a [[notifiable disease]] in Britain; there were campaigns to stop spitting in public places, and the infected poor were pressured to enter sanatoria that resembled prisons.<ref>McCarthy 2001:413-7</ref> In the United States, concern about the spread of tuberculosis played a role in the movement to prohibit public spitting except into [[Spittoon|spittoons]].  

==== Worldwide campaigns ====
[[File:Tuberculosis screening, 1940, Royal Navy Barracks, Chatham (IWM A 2008).jpg|thumb|[[Royal Navy]] sailors being screened for tuberculosis (1940)]]
{{Further information|Elimination of tuberculosis}}

The World Health Organization (WHO) declared TB a "global health emergency" in 1993,<ref name="Lawn-2011" /> and in 2006, the Stop TB Partnership developed a [[Global Plan to Stop Tuberculosis]] that aimed to save 14 million lives between its launch and 2015.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.stoptb.org/global/plan/|title=The Global Plan to Stop TB|publisher=[[World Health Organization]] (WHO)|year=2011|access-date=13 June 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110612030924/http://www.stoptb.org/global/plan/|archive-date=12 June 2011}}</ref> A number of targets they set were not achieved by 2015, mostly due to the increase in HIV-associated tuberculosis and the emergence of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis.<ref name="Lawn-2011" /> 

In 2014, the WHO adopted the "End TB" strategy which aims to reduce TB incidence by 80% and TB deaths by 90% by 2030.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The End TB Strategy |url=https://www.who.int/teams/global-tuberculosis-programme/the-end-tb-strategy |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210722170507/https://www.who.int/teams/global-tuberculosis-programme/the-end-tb-strategy |archive-date=22 July 2021 |access-date=22 July 2021 |website=who.int}}</ref> The strategy contains a milestone to reduce TB incidence by 20% and TB deaths by 35% by 2020.<ref name="WHO_Global_2020">{{Cite book |url=https://apps.who.int/iris/rest/bitstreams/1312164/retrieve |title=Global tuberculosis report 2020 |publisher=World Health Organization |year=2020 |isbn=978-92-4-001313-1 |access-date=22 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210722172009/https://apps.who.int/iris/rest/bitstreams/1312164/retrieve |archive-date=22 July 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref> However, by 2020 only a 9% reduction in incidence per population was achieved globally, with the European region achieving 19% and the African region achieving 16% reductions.<ref name="WHO_Global_2020" /> Similarly, the number of deaths only fell by 14%, missing the 2020 milestone of a 35% reduction, with some regions making better progress (31% reduction in Europe and 19% in Africa).<ref name="WHO_Global_2020" /> Correspondingly, also treatment, prevention and funding milestones were missed in 2020, for example only 6.3 million people were started on TB prevention short of the target of 30 million.<ref name="WHO_Global_2020" />

The goal of tuberculosis elimination is being hampered by the lack of rapid testing, short and effective treatment courses, and [[tuberculosis vaccine|completely effective vaccines]].<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Uplekar M, Weil D, Lonnroth K, Jaramillo E, Lienhardt C, Dias HM, Falzon D, Floyd K, Gargioni G, Getahun H, Gilpin C, Glaziou P, Grzemska M, Mirzayev F, Nakatani H, Raviglione M | title = WHO's new end TB strategy | journal = Lancet | volume = 385 | issue = 9979 | pages = 1799–1801 | date = May 2015 | pmid = 25814376 | doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(15)60570-0 | s2cid = 39379915 }}</ref>