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==Notes== {{Reflist|2|refs= <ref name=Adair1992>{{cite patent|country=US|number=5329940|status=patent|url=http://www.freepatentsonline.com/5329940.pdf|title=Endotracheal tube intubation assist device|inventor=Adair, Edwin L.|fdate=1992-01-16|gdate=July 19, 1994|pubdate=1994-07-19}}</ref> <ref name=Adnet1997>{{cite journal|last1=Adnet|first1=F|last2=Borron|first2=SW|last3=Racine|first3=SX|last4=Clemessy|first4=JL|last5=Fournier|first5=JL|last6=Plaisance|first6=P|last7=Lapandry|first7=C|title=The intubation difficulty scale (IDS): proposal and evaluation of a new score characterizing the complexity of endotracheal intubation|journal=Anesthesiology|volume=87|issue=6|pages=1290β7|year=1997|pmid=9416711|doi=10.1097/00000542-199712000-00005|s2cid=10561049|doi-access=free}}</ref> <ref name=Agro2003>{{cite journal|last1=AgrΓ²|first1=F|last2=Barzoi|first2=G|last3=Montecchia|first3=F|title=Tracheal intubation using a Macintosh laryngoscope or a GlideScope in 15 patients with cervical spine immobilization|journal=[[British Journal of Anaesthesia]]|volume=90|issue=5|pages=705β6|year=2003|pmid=12697606|doi=10.1093/bja/aeg560|doi-access=free}}</ref> <ref name=AHA2005-III>{{cite journal | vauthors = ((International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation)), ((American Heart Association)),((European Resuscitation Council))| title = 2005 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science with Treatment Recommendations. Part 4: Advanced life support | journal = Resuscitation | volume = 67 | issue = 2β3 | pages = 213β47 | date = 2005 | pmid = 16324990 | doi = 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2005.09.018 }}</ref> <!-- <ref name=Amornyotin>{{cite journal|first1=S|last1=Amornyotin|first2=U|last2=Prakanrattana|first3=P|last3=Vichitvejpaisal|first4=T|last4=Vallisut|first5=N|last5=Kunanont|first6=L|last6=Permpholprasert|title=Comparison of the Clinical Use of Macintosh and Miller Laryngoscopes for Orotracheal Intubation by Second-Month Nurse Students in Anesthesiology|journal=Anesthesiology Research and Practice|volume=2010|pages=1β5|year=2010|doi=10.1155/2010/432846|pmid=20700430|pmc=2911595|doi-access=free}}</ref> --> <ref name=Anon2000>{{cite journal|first1=JM|last1=AΓ±Γ³n|first2=V|last2=GΓ³mez|first3=MP|last3=Escuela|first4=V|last4=De Paz|first5=LF|last5=Solana|first6=RM|last6=De La Casa|first7=JC|last7=PΓ©rez|first8=Eugenio|last8=Zeballos|first9=Luis|last9=Navarro|title=Percutaneous tracheostomy: comparison of Ciaglia and Griggs techniques|journal=[[Critical Care (journal)|Critical Care]]|volume=4|issue=2|pages=124β8|year=2000|doi=10.1186/cc667|pmid=11056749|pmc=29040 |doi-access=free }}</ref> <ref name=Armstrong2004>{{cite journal|last1=Armstrong|first1=P|last2=Sellers|first2=WF|title=A response to 'Bougie traumaβit is still possible', Prabhu A, Pradham P, Sanaka R and Bilolikar A, Anaesthesia 2003; 58: 811β2|journal=Anaesthesia|volume=59|issue=2|page=204|year=2004|pmid=14725554|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2044.2003.03632.x|s2cid=7977609|doi-access=free}}</ref> <ref name=ATLS2004CH2>[[#refATLS2004|Advanced Trauma Life Support Program for Doctors (2004)]], Committee on Trauma, American College of Surgeons, ''Airway and Ventilatory Management'', pp. 41β68</ref> <ref name=ATLS2004CH6>[[#refATLS2004|Advanced Trauma Life Support Program for Doctors (2004)]], Committee on Trauma, American College of Surgeons, ''Head Trauma'', pp. 151β76</ref> <ref name=Baker1971>{{cite journal|first=AB|last=Baker|title=Artificial respiration: the history of an idea|journal=Medical History|volume=15|issue=4|pages=336β51|year=1971|pmid=4944603|pmc=1034194|doi=10.1017/s0025727300016896}}</ref> <ref name=Benkhadra2008>{{cite journal|first1=M|last1=Benkhadra|first2=F|last2=Lenfant|first3=W|last3=Nemetz|first4=F|last4=Anderhuber|first5=G|last5=Feigl|first6=J|last6=Fasel|title=A comparison of two emergency cricothyroidotomy kits in human cadavers|journal=Anesthesia & Analgesia|volume=106|issue=1|pages=182β5|year=2008|doi=10.1213/01.ane.0000296457.55791.34|pmid=18165576|s2cid=24568104|url=http://www.anesthesia-analgesia.org/content/106/1/182.full.pdf}}</ref> <ref name=Berry2007>[[#refBenumof2007|Benumof (2007)]], Berry JM, ''Chapter 16: Conventional (laryngoscopic) orotracheal and nasotracheal intubation (single lumen tube)'', pp. 379β92 </ref> <ref name=Borland1990>{{cite journal|first1=LM|last1=Borland|first2=M|last2=Casselbrant|title=The Bullard laryngoscope. A new indirect oral laryngoscope (pediatric version)|journal=Anesthesia & Analgesia|volume=70|issue=1|pages=105β8|year=1990|pmid=2297088|doi=10.1213/00000539-199001000-00019}}</ref> <ref name=Brain1985>{{cite journal|first=AIJ|last=Brain|title=Three cases of difficult intubation overcome by the laryngeal mask airway|journal=Anaesthesia|volume=40|issue=4|pages=353β5|year=1985|pmid=3890603|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2044.1985.tb10788.x|s2cid=35038041|doi-access=free}}</ref> <ref name=Burkle2004>{{cite journal|last1=Burkle|first1=CM|last2=Zepeda|first2=FA|last3=Bacon|first3=DR|last4=Rose|first4=SH|title=A historical perspective on use of the laryngoscope as a tool in anesthesiology|journal=Anesthesiology|volume=100|issue=4|pages=1003β6|year=2004|pmid=15087639|doi=10.1097/00000542-200404000-00034|s2cid=36279277|doi-access=free}}</ref> <ref name=Caplan2003>{{cite journal|doi=10.1097/00000542-200305000-00032|author=American Society of Anesthesiologists Task Force on the management of the difficult airway|title=Practice guidelines for the management of the difficult airway: an updated report|journal=Anesthesiology|volume=98|issue=5|pages=1269β77|year=2003|pmid=12717151|s2cid=39762822|url=https://semanticscholar.org/paper/7315d0f9a5d09967c189bd0069067460d0e36845}}</ref> <ref name=Chotigeat2007>{{cite journal|last1=Chotigeat|first1=U|last2=Khorana|first2=M|last3=Kanjanapattanakul|first3=W|title=Inhaled nitric oxide in newborns with severe hypoxic respiratory failure|journal=Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand|volume=90|issue=2|pages=266β71|year=2007|pmid=17375630|url=http://www.mat.or.th/journal/readpdf.php?link=files/Vol90_No.2_266_4596.pdf|access-date=2010-08-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120311004932/http://www.mat.or.th/journal/readpdf.php?link=files%2FVol90_No.2_266_4596.pdf|archive-date=2012-03-11|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name=Christod2007>[[#refBenumof2007|Benumof (2007)]], Christodolou CC, Murphy MF and Hung OR, ''Chapter 17: Blind digital 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