Editing Tokyo (section)

==Demographics==
[[File:Tokyo prefecture population pyramid in 2020.svg|thumb|313x313px|Tokyo metropolis population pyramid in 2020]]
{{Historical populations
|11=1920|12=3699428|13=1925|14=4485144|15=1930|16=5408678|17=1935|18=6369919|19=1940|20=7354971|21=1945|22=3488284|23=1950|24=6277500|25=1955|26=8037084|27=1960|28=9683802|29=1965|30=10869244|31=1970|32=11408071|33=1975|34=11673554|35=1980|36=11618281|37=1985|38=11829363|39=1990|40=11855563|41=1995|42=11773605|43=2000|44=12064101|45=2005|46=12576601|47=2010|48=13159388|49=2015|50=13515271|51=2020|52=13982112|align = left
}}

As of October 2012, the official [[intercensal estimate]] showed 13.506&nbsp;million people in Tokyo, with 9.214&nbsp;million living within Tokyo's 23 wards.<ref name="population2015">{{cite web|url=http://www.toukei.metro.tokyo.jp/jsuikei/js-index.htm|script-title=ja:東京都の人口（推計）|publisher=Tokyo Metropolitan Government|access-date=January 17, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181002162446/http://www.toukei.metro.tokyo.jp/jsuikei/js-index.htm|archive-date=October 2, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> During the daytime, the population swells by over 2.5&nbsp;million as workers and students commute from adjacent areas. This effect is even more pronounced in the three central wards of [[Chiyoda, Tokyo|Chiyoda]], [[Chūō, Tokyo|Chūō]], and [[Minato, Tokyo|Minato]], whose collective population as of the 2005 National Census was 326,000 at night, but 2.4&nbsp;million during the day.<ref name="population">{{cite web|url=http://www.metro.tokyo.jp/ENGLISH/PROFILE/overview03.htm |access-date=January 1, 2009 |title=Population of Tokyo |publisher=Tokyo Metropolitan Government |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081223114634/http://www.metro.tokyo.jp/ENGLISH/PROFILE/overview03.htm |archive-date=December 23, 2008 }}</ref>[[File:Tokyo historical population.gif|thumb|Tokyo historical population since 1920|313x313px]]

According to April 2024 official estimates, [[Setagaya]] (942,003), [[Nerima]] (752,608), and [[Ōta, Tokyo|Ota]] (748,081) were the most populous wards and municipalities in Tokyo. The least inhabited of all Tokyo municipalities are remote island villages such as [[Aogashima, Tokyo|Aogashima]] (150), [[Mikurajima, Tokyo|Mikurajima]] (289), and [[To-shima, Tokyo|Toshima]] (306).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tokyo Metropolitan Population (Estimates) |url=https://honyaku.j-server.com/LUCTOUKEAI/ns/tl.cgi/https://www.toukei.metro.tokyo.lg.jp/jsuikei/js-index.htm?SLANG=ja&TLANG=en&XMODE=0&XJSID=0 |access-date=2024-05-25 |website=honyaku.j-server.com |archive-date=May 25, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240525121414/https://honyaku.j-server.com/LUCTOUKEAI/ns/tl.cgi/https://www.toukei.metro.tokyo.lg.jp/jsuikei/js-index.htm?SLANG=ja&TLANG=en&XMODE=0&XJSID=0 |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Age structure and average age ===
In 2021, Tokyo's average and median ages were both 45.5 years old. This is below the national median age of 49.0, placing Tokyo among the youngest regions in Japan. 16.8% of the population was below 15, while 34.6% was above 65.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.moj.go.jp/isa/publications/press/13_00040.html | title=令和5年末現在における在留外国人数について {{pipe}} 出入国在留管理庁 | access-date=August 31, 2024 | archive-date=May 30, 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240530084103/https://www.moj.go.jp/isa/publications/press/13_00040.html | url-status=live }}</ref> In the same year, the youngest municipalities in Tokyo were [[Mikura-jima]] (average age 40.72), Chuo (41.92), and Chiyoda (42.07), while the oldest included [[Okutama, Tokyo|Okutama]] (59.11) and [[Miyake, Tokyo|Miyake]] (53.82).<ref>"[https://www.toukei.metro.tokyo.lg.jp/juukiy/2021/jy21qf0001.pdf Tokyo's demographics according to the resident register] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330030327/https://www.toukei.metro.tokyo.lg.jp/juukiy/2021/jy21qf0001.pdf |date=March 30, 2023 }}". (in Japanese) 1 January 2021. Retrieved 28 June 2024.</ref>

=== Immigration ===
In 1889, the [[Home Ministry]] recorded 1,375,937 people in [[Tokyo City]] and a total of 1,694,292 people in [[Tokyo Prefecture (1868–1943)|Tokyo-fu]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=東京府 編 |script-title=ja:東京府統計書. 明治22年 |trans-title=Tōkyō-Fu Statistics Book (1889)|year=1890 |volume=1 |publisher=東京府|pages=40–41|language=ja}} [http://kindai.ndl.go.jp/info:ndljp/pid/806569 (National Diet Library Digital Archive)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140906223533/http://kindai.ndl.go.jp/info:ndljp/pid/806569 |date=September 6, 2014 }} (digital page number 32)</ref> In the same year, a total of 779 foreign nationals were recorded as residing in Tokyo. The most common nationality was English (209 residents), followed by American (182) and Chinese nationals (137).<ref>{{Cite book |last=東京府 編 |script-title=ja:東京府統計書. 明治22年 |trans-title=Tōkyō-Fu Statistics Book (1889)|year=1890 |volume=1 |publisher=東京府|pages=66–67|language=ja}} [http://kindai.ndl.go.jp/info:ndljp/pid/806569 (National Diet Library Digital Archive)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140906223533/http://kindai.ndl.go.jp/info:ndljp/pid/806569 |date=September 6, 2014 }} (digital page number 46)</ref>

As of January 2024, Tokyo had 647,416 foreign nationals registered as residents, with China, South Korea, Vietnam, the Philippines, Nepal, Taiwan, and the United States each having more than 20,000 nationals living there as citizens.<ref name="pop-detail">{{cite web |title=Tokyo Statistical Yearbook 2024 |url=https://www.toukei.metro.tokyo.lg.jp/gaikoku/2024/ga24ea0100.xls |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240221093200/https://www.toukei.metro.tokyo.lg.jp/gaikoku/2024/ga24ea0100.xls |archive-date=February 21, 2024 |access-date=February 21, 2024 |publisher=Bureau of General Affairs, [[Tokyo Metropolitan Government]] |format=Excel 97}}</ref> Since the COVID-19 pandemic ended, Tokyo's foreign population has increased significantly, now nearly 20% above the January 2022 population of 546,436.<ref>"[https://www.toukei.metro.tokyo.lg.jp/gaikoku/2022/ga22ea0100.xls Tokyo Statistical Yearbook 2022] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220401021418/https://www.toukei.metro.tokyo.lg.jp/gaikoku/2022/ga22ea0100.xls|date=April 1, 2022}}" (Excel 97). Bureau of General Affairs, [[Tokyo Metropolitan Government]]. Retrieved May 25, 2024.</ref> There is no official survey of race or place of birth as of June 2024.

=== Dialects ===
{{See also|Tokyo dialect}}
[[Japanese language|Japanese]] is the primary language spoken throughout the metropolis, though regional and socio-economic differences can be heard. Traditionally, dialects in Tokyo are classified into two groups: the Yamanote dialect and the Shitamachi dialect. The former has traditionally been spoken in the upper- and upper-middle-class residential area of Yamanote, which includes [[Banchō|Bancho]], [[Kōjimachi|Kojimachi]], [[Koishikawa]], [[Kudankita|Kudan]], [[Yotsuya]], [[Azabu]], and [[Akasaka, Tokyo|Akasaka]]. During the [[Edo period]], these neighborhoods were occupied by ''[[Daimyo]]'' and other powerful [[samurai]] families and the dialect evolved largely based on their way of speech. Standard Japanese pronunciation is largely based on this accent and spread across the country with the introduction of [[radio]]. The Shitamachi dialect, in contrast, has been associated with the ''[[Chōnin]]'' district of Shitamachi and retains many characteristics of the accents spoken there in the Edo era.<ref>Yoshifumi Tobita. ''[https://tohoku.repo.nii.ac.jp/record/75706/files/L2H050084.pdf The formation of the Tokyo dialect] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240628140912/https://tohoku.repo.nii.ac.jp/record/75706/files/L2H050084.pdf |date=June 28, 2024 }}''. 1993. PhD Thesis. Tohoku University.</ref> However, socio-economic changes in the post-war period and the large influx of people moving from other areas have largely blurred these distinctions in recent years. It has been reported that young generations are not as aware of the differences in dialects as their parents' and grandparents' generations were.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ogino |first=Tsunao |date=1983 |title=Difference in Honorific Usage between the "Yamanote" Uptown and Traditional "Shitamachi" Downtown Districts in Tokyo |url=https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/gengo1939/1983/84/1983_84_45/_article |journal=Gengo Kenkyu |volume=1983 |issue=84 |pages=45–76 |doi=10.11435/gengo1939.1983.84_45}}</ref>

The [[Hachijō language|Hachijō dialect]], spoken primarily in [[Hachijō-jima|Hachijōjima]] and [[Aogashima]], descended from 6th-8th century [[Eastern Old Japanese]] and has fewer than 1,000 speakers.<ref>Masayoshi Shibatani, 1990. ''The Languages of Japan'', p. 207.</ref><ref>Thomas Pellard. ''The comparative study of the Japonic languages. Approaches to endangered languages in Japan and Northeast Asia: Description, documentation and revitalization'', National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics, Aug 2018, Tachikawa, Japan. ffhal-01856152</ref> [[Bonin English]] is a creole spoken in the [[Bonin Islands|Ogasawara Islands]], derived from English and Japanese,<ref name="Long2006">{{cite journal |last1=Long |first1=Daniel |date=2006 |title=English on the Bonin (Ogasawara) Islands |journal=[[American Speech]] |series=Publication of the American Dialect Society, 91 |publisher=[[American Dialect Society]] ([[Duke University Press]]) |volume=81 |issue=5 |isbn=978-0-8223-6671-3}}</ref> as the islands' population historically consisted of people of Japanese, British, American, Hawaiian, and Polynesian origins, mostly mixed-race.<ref name=":12">{{cite journal |last1=Long |first1=Daniel |date=2007 |title=When islands create languages or, Why do language research with Bonin (Ogasawara) Islanders? |url=https://shimajournal.org/issues/v1n1/e.-Long-Shima-v1n1.pdf |journal=Shima: The International Journal of Research into Island Cultures |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=15–27 |issn=1834-6057}}</ref>