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====10th century==== {{see also|10th century#Inventions, discoveries, introductions}} * '''10th century:''' [[Fire lance]] in [[Song dynasty]] [[China]], developed in the 10th century with a tube of first bamboo and later on metal that shot a weak [[gunpowder]] blast of flame and shrapnel, its earliest depiction is a painting found at [[Dunhuang]].<ref>Needham (1986), Volume 5, Part 7, 224β225, 232β233, 241β244.</ref> Fire lance is the earliest [[firearm]] in the world and one of the earliest gunpowder weapons.<ref name=Helaine>{{cite book|author=Helaine Selin|title=Encyclopaedia of the History of Science, Technology, and Medicine in Non-Western Cultures|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=raKRY3KQspsC&pg=PA389|access-date=30 July 2013|date=1 January 1997|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-0-7923-4066-9|page=389}}</ref><ref>{{Citation | last = Crosby | first = Alfred W. | title = Throwing Fire: Projectile Technology Through History | year = 2002 | publisher = Cambridge University Press | isbn =0-521-79158-8}}</ref> * '''10th century:''' [[Fireworks]] in [[Song dynasty]] [[China]]: Fireworks first appear in China during the Song dynasty (960β1279), in the early age of [[gunpowder]]. Fireworks could be purchased from market vendors; these were made of sticks of [[bamboo]] packed with gunpowder.<ref>Gernet (1962), 186.</ref> * '''974:''' [[Fountain pen]]: invented at the request of [[al-Mu'izz li-Din Allah]] in [[Egypt in the Middle Ages|Arab Egypt]].<ref>{{Cite journal|journal=[[Journal of Semitic Studies]]|volume=26|issue=1|year=1981|pages=229β234|title=A Mediaeval Islamic Prototype of the Fountain Pen?|first=C. E.|last=Bosworth|quote= ...not more than a few days passed before the craftsman, to whom the construction of this contrivance had been described, brought in the pen, fashioned from gold. He then filled it with ink and wrote with it, and it really did write. The pen released a little more ink than was necessary. Hence al-Mu'izz ordered that it should be adjusted slightly, and he did this. He brought forward the pen and behold, it turned out to be a pen which can be turned upside down in the hand and tipped from side to side, and no trace of ink appears from it. When a secretary takes up the pen and writes with it, he is able to write in the most elegant script that could possibly be desired; then, when he lifts the pen off the sheet of writing material, it holds in the ink. I observed that it was a wonderful piece of work, the like of which I had never imagined I would ever see.|doi=10.1093/jss/26.2.229}}</ref>
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