Editing Surgery (section)

===Islamic world===
During the [[Islamic Golden Age]], largely based upon [[Paul of Aegina]]'s ''Pragmateia'', the writings of [[Albucasis]] (Abu al-Qasim Khalaf ibn al-Abbas Al-Zahrawi), an [[Al-Andalus|Andalusian-Arab]] physician and scientist who practiced in the Zahra suburb of [[Córdoba, Spain|Córdoba]], were influential.<ref>{{cite book| vauthors = Zimmerman LM, Veith I |title=Great Ideas in the History of Surgery|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ABbCI7z4UwMC&pg=PA179|access-date=3 December 2012|year=1993|publisher=Norman Publishing|isbn=978-0-930405-53-3|pages=82–83}}</ref><ref>{{cite book| vauthors = Pormann PE |title=The Oriental Tradition of Paul of Aegina's Pragmateia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SszCRRlW5asC|access-date=6 December 2012|year=2004|publisher=Brill|isbn=978-90-04-13757-8|pages=300–04}}</ref> Al-Zahrawi specialized in curing disease by [[cauterization]]. He invented several [[surgical instruments]] for purposes such as inspection of the interior of the [[urethra]] and for removing foreign bodies from the throat, the ear, and other body organs. He was also the first to illustrate the various [[cannulae]] and to treat [[wart]]s with an iron tube and caustic metal{{clarify|date=August 2019}} as a boring instrument. He describes what is thought to be the first attempt at reduction [[mammaplasty]] for the management of [[gynaecomastia]]<ref name=Anzjournal>{{citation| vauthors = Ahmad Z |title=Al-Zahrawi – The Father of Surgery|journal=ANZ Journal of Surgery|year=2007|volume=77|issue=Suppl. 1|doi=10.1111/j.1445-2197.2007.04130_8.x|pages=A83|s2cid=57308997}}</ref> and the first [[mastectomy]] to treat [[breast cancer]].<ref name=aramco0816>{{cite web|url=http://www.islamicity.org/8597/pioneer-muslim-physicians/|title=Pioneer Muslim Physicians|work=IslamiCity |date=9 December 2012 |publisher=aramcoworld.com|access-date=20 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170321170835/http://www.islamicity.org/8597/pioneer-muslim-physicians/|archive-date=2017-03-21|url-status=live}}{{better source needed|date=July 2017}}</ref> He is credited with the performance of the first [[thyroidectomy]].<ref>Ignjatovic M: Overview of the history of thyroid surgery. Acta Chir Iugosl 2003; 50: 9–36.</ref> Al-Zahrawi pioneered techniques of [[neurosurgery]] and [[neurological]] diagnosis, treating [[head injuries]], [[skull fractures]], [[spinal injuries]], [[hydrocephalus]], [[subdural effusion]]s and [[headache]]. The first clinical description of an operative procedure for [[hydrocephalus]] was given by Al-Zahrawi, who clearly describes the evacuation of superficial [[intracranial]] fluid in [[hydrocephalic]] children.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Aschoff A, Kremer P, Hashemi B, Kunze S | title = The scientific history of hydrocephalus and its treatment | journal = Neurosurgical Review | volume = 22 | issue = 2–3 | pages = 67–93; discussion 94–95 | date = October 1999 | pmid = 10547004 | doi = 10.1007/s101430050035 | s2cid = 10077885 }}</ref>