Editing Substance abuse (section)

====United States====
{| class="wikitable" style = "float: right; margin-left:15px; text-align:center"
! Year || Cost<br />{{nobold|{{small|(billions of dollars)}}}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=December 2004 |title=The Economic Costs of Drug Abuse in the United States 1992-2002 |url=http://www.ncjrs.gov/ondcppubs/publications/pdf/economic_costs.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220901041005/https://www.ojp.gov/ondcppubs/publications/pdf/economic_costs.pdf |archive-date=1 September 2022 |publisher=[[Office of National Drug Control Policy]], [[Executive Office of the President of the United States]] |id=Publication 207303}}</ref>
|-
| 1992 || 107
|-
| 1993 || 111
|-
| 1994 || 117
|-
| 1995 || 125
|-
| 1996 || 130
|-
| 1997 || 134
|-
| 1998 || 140
|-
| 1999 || 151
|-
| 2000 || 161
|-
| 2001 || 170
|-
| 2002 || 181
|}

These figures represent overall economic costs, which can be divided in three major components: health costs, productivity losses and non-health direct expenditures.

*Health-related costs were projected to total $16 billion in 2002.
*Productivity losses were estimated at $128.6 billion. In contrast to the other costs of drug abuse (which involve direct expenditures for goods and services), this value reflects a loss of potential resources: work in the labor market and in household production that was never performed, but could reasonably be expected to have been performed absent the impact of drug abuse.
:Included are estimated productivity losses due to premature death ($24.6 billion), drug abuse-related illness ($33.4 billion), incarceration ($39.0 billion), crime careers ($27.6 billion) and productivity losses of victims of crime ($1.8 billion).
*The non-health direct expenditures primarily concern costs associated with the criminal justice system and crime victim costs, but also include a modest level of expenses for administration of the social welfare system. The total for 2002 was estimated at $36.4 billion. The largest detailed component of these costs is for state and federal corrections at $14.2 billion, which is primarily for the operation of prisons. Another $9.8 billion was spent on state and local police protection, followed by $6.2 billion for federal supply reduction initiatives.

According to a report from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), Medicaid was billed for a significantly higher number of hospitals stays for opioid drug overuse than Medicare or private insurance in 1993.  By 2012, the differences were diminished.  Over the same time, Medicare had the most rapid growth in number of hospital stays.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Owens PL, Barrett ML, Weiss AJ, Washington RE, Kronick R | title =  Hospital Inpatient Utilization Related to Opioid Overuse Among Adults, 1993–2012 | journal =HCUP Statistical Brief |issue=177 | publisher = Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality | location = Rockville, MD | date = August 2014 | url = https://www.hcup-us.ahrq.gov/reports/statbriefs/sb177-Hospitalizations-for-Opioid-Overuse.jsp}}</ref>

'''Canada'''

Substance abuse takes a financial toll on Canada's hospitals and the country as a whole. In the year 2011, around $267 million of hospital services were attributed to dealing with substance abuse problems.<ref>{{Cite news |last=[[Canadian Centre on Substance Abuse]] |date=20 November 2014 |title=Substance Abuse Costs Canadian Hospitals Hundreds of Millions of Dollars per Year - Alcohol Abuse the Prime Culprit |work=[[CNW Group|Canada Newswire]] |url=https://www.newswire.ca/news-releases/substance-abuse-costs-canadian-hospitals-hundreds-of-millions-of-dollars-per-year---alcohol-abuse-the-prime-culprit-516469751.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030173853/https://www.newswire.ca/news-releases/substance-abuse-costs-canadian-hospitals-hundreds-of-millions-of-dollars-per-year---alcohol-abuse-the-prime-culprit-516469751.html |archive-date=30 October 2020}}</ref> The majority of these hospital costs in 2011 were related to issues with alcohol. Additionally, in 2014, Canada also allocated almost $45 million towards battling prescription drug abuse, extending into the year 2019.<ref>{{Cite news |date=12 February 2014 |title=CCSA Recognizes Federal Leadership on Prescription Drug Abuse |work=Indigenous Health Today |url=https://ihtoday.ca/ccsa-recognizes-federal-leadership-on-prescription-drug-abuse/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200926033928/https://ihtoday.ca/ccsa-recognizes-federal-leadership-on-prescription-drug-abuse/ |archive-date=26 September 2020}}</ref> Most of the financial decisions made on substance abuse in Canada can be attributed to the research conducted by the Canadian Centre on Substance Abuse (CCSA) which conduct both extensive and specific reports. In fact, the CCSA is heavily responsible for identifying Canada's heavy issues with substance abuse. Some examples of reports by the CCSA include a 2013 report on drug use during pregnancy<ref>{{Cite report |url=https://www.ccsa.ca/sites/default/files/2019-04/CCSA-Drug-Use-during-Pregnancy-Report-2013-en.pdf |title=Licit and Illicit Drug Use during Pregnancy: Maternal, Neonatal and Early Childhood Consequences |last=Finnegan |first=Loretta |date=2013 |publisher=[[Canadian Centre on Substance Abuse]] |isbn= 978-1-77178-041-4 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210817142723/https://www.ccsa.ca/sites/default/files/2019-04/CCSA-Drug-Use-during-Pregnancy-Report-2013-en.pdf |archive-date=17 August 2021}}</ref> and a 2015 report on adolescents' use of cannabis.<ref>{{Cite report |url=https://www.ccsa.ca/sites/default/files/2019-04/CCSA-Effects-of-Cannabis-Use-during-Adolescence-Report-2015-en.pdf |title=The Effects of Cannabis Use during Adolescence |last1=Tony |first1=George |last2=Vaccarino |first2=Franco |date=2015 |publisher=[[Canadian Centre on Substance Abuse]] |isbn=978-1-77178-261-6 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120050627/https://www.ccsa.ca/sites/default/files/2019-04/CCSA-Effects-of-Cannabis-Use-during-Adolescence-Report-2015-en.pdf |archive-date=20 January 2022}}</ref>