Editing Spanish–American War (section)

==Making peace==
[[File:Jules Cambon signs Treaty of Paris, 1899.JPG|thumb|[[Jules Cambon]], the French ambassador to the United States, signing the memorandum of ratification on behalf of Spain]]

With defeats in Cuba and the Philippines, and its fleets in both places destroyed, Spain [[sued for peace]] and negotiations were opened between the two parties. After the sickness and death of British consul Edward Henry Rawson-Walker, American admiral Dewey requested the Belgian consul to Manila, [[Édouard André (consul)|Édouard André]], to take Rawson-Walker's place as intermediary with the Spanish government.<ref>{{Harvnb|Wolff|1961|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=CWaCEfeuQXkC&pg=PA175 175]}}, "When the British consul died, intermediation was taken over by the Belgian consul, M. Edouard Andre; and, as US troops poured in, everything began to fall into place. Jaudenes promised that he would not use his artillery if the ..."</ref><ref>{{Harvnb|Cooling|2007|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=t1BfxsjQ6nAC&pg=PA99 99]}}, "Fearful of what the Filipinos might do, the American and Spanish authorities anxiously negotiated a way out of the thorny issue of Manila City. Aided by Belgian consul Edouard Andre, Dewey, Merritt, and Augustin"</ref><ref>{{Harvnb|Dyal|Carpenter|Thomas|1996|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=CWaCEfeuQXkC&pg=PA175 175]}}, "After Rawson-Walker's sickness and death, Belgian consul Edouard André carried on the diplomatic exchanges between Dewey, General Wesley Merritt,*and Jaudenes. Through these diplomatic exchanges, early in August Jaudenes began to ..."</ref>

Hostilities were halted on August 12, 1898, with the signing in Washington of a Protocol of Peace between the United States and Spain.<ref name="Peace Protocol">{{cite web|url=http://www.msc.edu.ph/centennial/pr980812.html|title=Protocol of Peace Embodying the Terms of a Basis for the Establishment of Peace Between the Two Countries|location=Washington, DC|date=August 12, 1898|access-date=October 17, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012131323/http://msc.edu.ph/centennial/pr980812.html|archive-date=October 12, 2007|url-status=dead|df=mdy-all|website=msc.edu.ph}}</ref> After over two months of [[Treaty of Paris (1898)#Negotiations|difficult negotiations]], the formal peace treaty, the Treaty of Paris, was signed in Paris on December 10, 1898, the United States gained Spain's colonies of Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines in the treaty, and Cuba became a U.S. [[protectorate]].<ref name="TreatyOfParis" /> The treaty came into force in Cuba on April 11, 1899, with Cubans participating only as observers. Having been occupied since July 17, 1898, and thus under the jurisdiction of the U.S. military government, Cuba formed its own civil government and gained independence on May 20, 1902, with the announced end of U.S. military government jurisdiction over the island. However, the U.S. imposed various restrictions on the new government, including prohibiting alliances with other countries, and reserved the right to intervene. The U.S. also established a ''de facto'' perpetual lease of [[Guantanamo Bay Naval Base|Guantánamo Bay]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Congress|first=United States|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Io0jAQAAMAAJ&q=perpetual+lease|title=Reports and Documents|year=1947|volume=2|page=7|language=en|via=Google Books|access-date=May 22, 2021|archive-date=September 23, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230923145108/https://books.google.com/books?id=Io0jAQAAMAAJ&q=perpetual+lease|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Congress|first=United States|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pgSh2LvgS-AC&q=%22perpetual+lease%22&pg=PA12259|title=Congressional Record: Proceedings and Debates of the 88th Congress, first session|publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office|year=1963|volume=109|publication-place=Washington|page=12259|language=en|orig-year=1873|access-date=May 22, 2021|archive-date=September 23, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230923145109/https://books.google.com/books?id=pgSh2LvgS-AC&q=%22perpetual+lease%22&pg=PA12259|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Strauss|first=Michael J.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MQSrCQAAQBAJ&q=guantanamo+lease+perpetual|title=The Leasing of Guantanamo Bay|date=2009-05-14|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-0-313-37783-9|pages=96–107, 174|language=en|access-date=May 22, 2021|archive-date=September 23, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230923145149/https://books.google.com/books?id=MQSrCQAAQBAJ&q=guantanamo+lease+perpetual|url-status=live}}</ref>