Editing Smog (section)

==== Pakistan ====
Since the start of the [[Winter|winter season]], heavy smog loaded with pollutants covered major parts of [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]], especially the city of [[Lahore]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://scroll.in/article/856628/smoke-signal-winter-smog-is-a-reminder-india-and-pakistan-need-to-talk-about-more-than-geopolitics|title=Smoke signal: Winter smog is a reminder India and Pakistan need to talk about more than geopolitics|website=Scroll.in|date=5 November 2017 }}</ref> causing breathing problems and disrupting normal traffic.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.foxnews.com/world/polluted-smog-covers-pakistans-city-of-lahore/|title=Polluted smog covers Pakistan's city of Lahore|date=5 November 2016|newspaper=Fox News|language=en-US|access-date=6 November 2016}}</ref> A recent study from 2022 shows that the primary cause of pollution in Lahore is from traffic-related PM (both [[Exhaust system|exhausts]] and non exhaust sources).<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstreams/9fab52d7-4aac-4adf-ab2a-28ad0da46cc7/download|title=Biomagnetic Characterization of Air Pollution Particulates in Lahore, Pakistan|last=Sheikh|first=Hassan Aftab|journal=Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems |date=18 January 2022|volume=23 |issue=2 |doi=10.1029/2021GC010293 |bibcode=2022GGG....2310293S |s2cid=245135298 }}</ref> Air quality in the Punjab, Pakistan deteriorates markedly during the post-[[monsoon]] to winter transition, driven by shifts in weather patterns like alterations in wind, temperature, and [[Boundary-Layer Meteorology|boundary layer]] mixing.<ref name=":0" /> In post-moonsoon, anthropogenic emissions from sources like [[Exhaust gas|vehicle exhaust]], industrial activities, and [[crop burning]] impact air quality across Punjab, Pakistan, affecting the region by 90–100%.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Ojha |first1=Narendra |last2=Sharma |first2=Amit |last3=Kumar |first3=Manish |last4=Girach |first4=Imran |last5=Ansari |first5=Tabish U. |last6=Sharma |first6=Som K. |last7=Singh |first7=Narendra |last8=Pozzer |first8=Andrea |last9=Gunthe |first9=Sachin S. |date=2020-04-03 |title=On the widespread enhancement in fine particulate matter across the Indo-Gangetic Plain towards winter |journal=Scientific Reports |language=en |volume=10 |issue=1 |pages=5862 |doi=10.1038/s41598-020-62710-8 |pmid=32246046 |issn=2045-2322|pmc=7125076 |bibcode=2020NatSR..10.5862O }}</ref>

Doctors advised residents to stay indoors and wear facemasks outside.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.dawn.com/news/1159190|title=Lahore smog: It's not a natural phenomenon|last=Khan|first=Rina Saeed|date=24 January 2015|newspaper=dawn.com|access-date=6 November 2016}}</ref>