Editing Republicanism (section)

===United States===
{{Main|Republicanism in the United States}}
[[File:Abraham Lincoln O-77 matte collodion print.jpg|thumb|[[Abraham Lincoln]]]]
The values and ideals of republicanism are foundational in [[The Constitution of the United States|the constitution]] and [[history of the United States]].<ref>Robert E. Shalhope, "Toward a Republican Synthesis: The Emergence of an Understanding of Republicanism in American Historiography", ''William and Mary Quarterly'', 29 (January 1972), pp. 49–80.</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Brown|first=Gordon|date=April 1990|title=Classical Republicanism and the American Revolution|url=https://scholarship.kentlaw.iit.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2785&context=cklawreview|journal=Chicago-Kent Law Review|volume=66|pages=13, 19–20}}</ref> As the United States constitution prohibits granting titles of [[nobility]], ''republicanism'' in this context does not refer to a political movement to abolish such a [[social class]], as it does in countries such as the [[Republicanism in the United Kingdom|UK]], [[Republicanism in Australia|Australia]], and the [[Republicanism in the Netherlands|Netherlands]]. Instead, it refers to the core values that citizenry in a [[republic]] have,<ref>Hart, (2002), ch. 1</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Lovett|first1=Frank|last2=Pettit|first2=Philip|date=June 2009|title=Neorepublicanism: A Normative and Institutional Research Program|journal=Annual Review of Political Science|language=en|volume=12|issue=1|pages=11–29|doi=10.1146/annurev.polisci.12.040907.120952|issn=1094-2939|doi-access=free}}</ref> or ought to have. Political scientists and historians have described these central values as ''[[liberty]]'' and ''[[Natural rights and legal rights|inalienable individual rights]]''; recognizing the [[sovereign]]ty of the people as the source of all authority in law;<ref>Yick Wo vs. Hopkins, 118 U.S. 356, 370</ref> rejecting [[monarchy]], [[aristocracy]], and hereditary political power; virtue and faithfulness in the performance of civic duties; and vilification of [[Political corruption|corruption]].<ref>Richard Buel, ''Securing the Revolution: Ideology in American Politics, 1789–1815'' (1972)</ref> These values are based on those of Ancient [[Greco-Roman world|Greco-Roman]], [[Renaissance]], and [[Rights of Englishmen|English models]] and ideas.<ref>Becker et al (2002), ch 1</ref>

Republicanism became the dominant political value of Americans during and after the [[American Revolution]]. The [[Founding Fathers of the United States|Founding Fathers]] were strong advocates of republican values, especially [[Thomas Jefferson]], [[Samuel Adams]], [[Patrick Henry]], [[Thomas Paine]], [[Benjamin Franklin]], [[John Adams]], [[James Madison]] and [[Alexander Hamilton]].<ref>Robert E. Shalhope, "Toward a Republican Synthesis", ''William and Mary Quarterly'', 29 (Jan. 1972), pp. 49–80</ref> However, in 1854, social movements started to harness values of [[abolitionism]] and free labour.<ref>[http://www.vcdh.virginia.edu/solguide/VUS06/essay06c.html Contextual Essay]</ref> These burgeoning radical traditions in America became epitomized in the early formation of the [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican Party]], known as "red republicanism."<ref>{{Cite book|title=The "S" word : a short history of an American tradition ... socialism|last=Nichols|first=John|isbn=978-1784783402|oclc=905685623|year = 2015|publisher=Verso Books }}</ref> The efforts were primarily led by political leaders such as [[Alvan E. Bovay]], [[Thaddeus Stevens]], and [[Abraham Lincoln]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Commons|first=John R.|date=September 1909|title=Horace Greeley and the Working Class Origins of the Republican Party|journal=Political Science Quarterly|volume=24|issue=3|pages=468–88|doi=10.2307/2140888|jstor=2140888|url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/imgsrv/download/pdf?id=hvd.32044086270303;orient=0;size=100;seq=3;attachment=0|hdl=2027/hvd.32044086270303|hdl-access=free}}</ref>