Editing Purple (section)

=== Piety, faith, penitence, and theology ===
In the West, purple or violet is a color often associated with piety and religious faith.<ref name="Eva Heller pg. 162" /><ref name=":3">{{Cite book |last1=Carlson |first1=Kathie |title=The Book of Symbols: Reflections on Archetypal Images |last2=Flanagin |first2=Michael N. |last3=Martin |first3=Kathleen |last4=Martin |first4=Mary E. |last5=Mendelsohn |first5=John |last6=Rodgers |first6=Priscilla Young |last7=Ronnberg |first7=Ami |last8=Salman |first8=Sherry |last9=Wesley |first9=Deborah A. |publisher=[[Taschen]] |year=2010 |isbn=978-3-8365-1448-4 |editor-last=Arm |editor-first=Karen |location=Köln |page=654 |editor-last2=Ueda |editor-first2=Kako |editor-last3=Thulin |editor-first3=Anne |editor-last4=Langerak |editor-first4=Allison |editor-last5=Kiley |editor-first5=Timothy Gus |editor-last6=Wolff |editor-first6=Mary}}</ref> In AD 1464, shortly after the Muslim conquest of [[Constantinople]], which terminated the supply of [[Tyrian purple]] to [[Roman Catholic]] [[Europe]], [[Pope Paul II]] decreed that [[cardinalate|cardinals]] should henceforth wear scarlet instead of purple, the scarlet being dyed with expensive [[cochineal]].{{Citation needed|date=April 2024}} [[Catholic bishop|Bishops]] were assigned the color [[Amaranth (color)#Amaranth purple|amaranth]], being a pale and pinkish purple made then from a less-expensive mixture of indigo and cochineal.

In the [[Latin liturgical rites]] of the [[Catholic liturgy]], purple represents [[penitence]]; [[Anglican Communion|Anglican]] and [[Catholic priest]]s wear a purple [[stole (vestment)|stole]] when they hear [[Confession (religion)|confession]] and a purple stole and [[chasuble]] during [[Advent]] and [[Lent]].  Since the [[Second Vatican Council]] of 1962–5, priests may wear purple vestments, but may still wear black ones, when officiating at funerals. The ''[[Roman Missal]]'' permits black, purple (violet), or white vestments for the funeral [[Mass (liturgy)|Mass]]. White is worn when a child dies before the [[Age of reason (canon law)|age of reason]]. Students and faculty of [[theology]] also wear purple academic dress for graduations and other university ceremonies.{{cn|date=March 2023}}

Purple is also often worn by senior pastors of [[Protestant]] churches and bishops of the [[Anglican Communion]].
<gallery mode="packed" heights="200px">
File:Cardinals and bishops in Bruges escorted by police.jpg|In the [[Catholic Church]], cardinals now wear [[Scarlet (color)|scarlet]] and bishops wear [[amaranth (color)|amaranth]].
File:Katharine Jefferts Schori 2.jpg|[[Katharine Jefferts Schori]], Presiding Bishop of the [[Episcopal Church (United States)|Episcopal Church of the United States]]
File:Bishop Mercurius of Zaraisk.jpg|Bishop Mercurius of [[Zaraisk]] wearing an episcopal mantle ([[St. Nicholas Russian Orthodox Cathedral (Manhattan)|Saint Nicholas Russian Orthodox Cathedral]], New York).
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The color purple is also associated with royalty in Christianity, being one of the three traditional offices of [[Jesus Christ]], i. e. king, although such a symbolism was assumed from the earlier Roman association or at least also employed by the ancient Romans.