Editing Puppet state (section)

==Examples before and during decolonisation==
{{See also|Françafrique}}
In some cases, the process of [[decolonization|decolonisation]] has been managed by the decolonising power to create a [[Neocolonialism|neo-colony]], that is a nominally independent state whose economy and politics permits continued foreign domination. Neo-colonies are not normally considered puppet states.{{cn|date=May 2023}}

===Dutch East Indies===
The [[Netherlands]] formed several puppet states in the former [[Dutch East Indies]] as part of its effort to quell the [[Indonesian National Revolution]].{{cn|date=August 2023}}
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of the State of East Indonesia.svg}} [[State of East Indonesia|East Indonesia]]
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of Various Autonomous Indonesian States.svg}} [[State of East Java|East Java]]
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of East Sumatra.svg}} [[State of East Sumatra|East Sumatra]]
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of Various Autonomous Indonesian States.svg}} [[State of Madura|Madura]]
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of Pasundan.svg}} [[State of Pasundan|Pasundan]]
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of South Sumatra.svg}} [[State of South Sumatra|South Sumatra]]
* {{Flagicon image|Banjar Sultanate Flag.svg}} [[Banjar Region|Banjar]]
* [[Bangka Island]]
* [[Belitung|Biliton]]
* [[Central Java]]
* [[East Kalimantan]]
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of Dayak Besar.svg}} [[Great Dayak]]
* [[Southeast Borneo Federation]]
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of Pontianak Sultanate.svg}} [[Pontianak Sultanate|West Kalimantan]]

===Congo crisis===
{{See also|King Leopold II|Mining industry of the Democratic Republic of the Congo|Blood diamond}}
Following the [[Belgian Congo]]'s independence as [[Republic of the Congo (Léopoldville)|Congo-Leopoldville]] in 1960, Belgian interests supported the short-lived breakaway [[State of Katanga]] (1960–1963).<ref>Mockler, Antony (1987). The New Mercenaries: The History of the Hired Soldier from the Congo to the Seychelles. New York: Paragon House Publishers. pp. 37–55. {{ISBN|0-913729-72-8}}.</ref>

=== East Timor ===
[[Indonesia]] established a [[Provisional Government of East Timor]] following its [[Indonesian invasion of East Timor|invasion of East Timor]] in December 1975.<ref>{{cite web |title=Declaration of Independence |url=http://timor-leste.gov.tl/?p=29&lang=en |website=Timor-Leste gov |access-date=17 December 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Rourke |first=Alison |date=29 August 2019 |title=East Timor: Indonesia's invasion and the long road to independence |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/aug/30/east-timor-indonesias-invasion-and-the-long-road-to-independence |access-date=17 December 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Febrian |first=Ramdan |date=28 November 2019 |title=A Piece Of The Story Of East Timor's Independence From Portugal Then Indonesia Was "annexed" |publisher=VOI |editor-last=Indrawan |editor-first=Aditya Fajar |url=https://voi.id/en/memori/473/a-piece-of-the-story-of-east-timors-independence-from-portugal-then-indonesia-was-annexed |access-date=17 December 2021 |archive-date=17 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211217111643/https://voi.id/en/memori/473/a-piece-of-the-story-of-east-timors-independence-from-portugal-then-indonesia-was-annexed |url-status=dead }}</ref>

===South Africa's Bantustans===
[[Image:Namibia homelands 78.jpeg|thumb|Map of Bantustans in [[South West Africa]] (present-day [[Namibia]]) as of 1978]]
During the 1970s and 1980s, four ethnic [[Bantustan]]s - some of which were extremely [[gerrymandering|fragmented]] - called "homelands" by the government of the time, were carved out of [[South Africa]] and given nominal [[sovereignty]]. Mostly [[Xhosa people]] resided in the [[Ciskei]] and [[Transkei]], [[Tswana people]] in [[Bophuthatswana]], and [[Venda people]] in the [[Venda]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Trump's Plan for Palestine Looks a Lot Like Apartheid |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/02/27/trumps-plan-for-palestine-looks-a-lot-like-apartheid/ |work=[[Foreign Policy]] |date=27 February 2020}}</ref>{{rs?|date=May 2023}}

The principal purpose of these states was to remove South African citizenship from the Xhosa, Tswana, and Venda peoples, and so provide grounds for denying them their democratic rights. All four Bantustans were reincorporated into a democratic South Africa on 27 April 1994, under a [[Constitution of South Africa|new constitution]].{{fact|date=April 2022}}

The South African authorities established ten Bantustans in [[South West Africa]] (present-day [[Namibia]]), then [[United Nations Security Council Resolution 264|illegally occupied]] by South Africa, in the late 1960s and early 1970s in accordance with the [[Fox Odendaal|Odendaal Commission]]. Three of them were granted self-rule. These Bantustans were replaced with separate ethnicity-based governments in 1980.{{cn|date=May 2023}}