Editing Pre-Columbian transoceanic contact theories (section)

=== Solutrean hypothesis ===
{{Main article|Solutrean hypothesis}}
[[File:Arch1 clovispoints2.jpg|thumb|right|Examples of Clovis and other Paleoindian point forms, markers of archaeological cultures in northeastern North America]]
The [[Solutrean hypothesis]] argues that Europeans migrated to the New World during the [[Paleolithic]] era, circa 16,000 to 13,000 BCE. This hypothesis proposes contact partly on the basis of perceived similarities between the flint tools of the [[Solutrean culture]] in modern-day France, Spain, and Portugal (which thrived circa 20,000 to 15,000 BCE), and the [[Clovis culture]] of North America, which developed circa 9,000 BCE.<ref>{{cite journal
 |title        = The North Atlantic ice-edge corridor: a possible Palaeolithic route to the New World
 |first1       = Bruce
 |last1        = Bradley
 |first2       = Dennis
 |last2        = Stanford
 |author-link2 = Dennis Stanford
 |journal      = [[World Archaeology]]
 |year         = 2004
 |volume       = 36
 |issue        = 4
 |pages        = 459–478
 |url          = http://planet.uwc.ac.za/nisl/Conservation%20Biology/Karen%20PDF/Clovis/Bradley%20%26%20Stanford%202004.pdf
 |doi          = 10.1080/0043824042000303656
 |citeseerx    = 10.1.1.694.6801
 |s2cid        = 161534521
 |access-date  = June 19, 2015
 |archive-date = March 20, 2013
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20130320033824/http://planet.uwc.ac.za/nisl/Conservation%20Biology/Karen%20PDF/Clovis/Bradley%20%26%20Stanford%202004.pdf
 |url-status   = dead
}}</ref><ref>{{cite news
 | last=Carey |first=Bjorn
 | date=February 19, 2006
 | url=http://www.livescience.com/history/060219_first_americans.html
 | title=First Americans may have been European
 | work=Live Science
 }}</ref>
The Solutrean hypothesis was proposed in the mid-1990s.<ref>Meltzer, David J. (2009). ''First Peoples in the New World'', Berkeley: University of California Press, 2009, p. 188</ref> It has little support amongst the scientific community, and genetic markers are inconsistent with the idea.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Fagundes |first1=Nelson J.R. |last2=Kanitz |first2=Ricardo |last3=Eckert |first3=Roberta |last4=Valls |first4=Ana C.S. |last5=Bogo |first5=Mauricio R. |last6=Salzano |first6=Francisco M. |last7=Smith |first7=David Glenn |last8=Silva |first8=Wilson A. |last9=Zago |first9=Marco A. |last10=Ribeiro-dos-Santos |first10=Andrea K. |last11=Santos |first11=Sidney E.B. |last12=Petzl-Erler |first12=Maria Luiza |last13=Bonatto |first13=Sandro L. |display-authors=3 |date=2008 |title=Mitochondrial Population Genomics Supports a Single Pre-Clovis Origin with a Coastal Route for the Peopling of the Americas |journal=American Journal of Human Genetics |volume=82 |issue=3 |pages=583–592 |doi=10.1016/j.ajhg.2007.11.013 |pmc=2427228 |pmid=18313026}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kashani |first1=Baharak Hooshia |first2=Ugo A. |last2=Perego |first3=Anna |last3=Olivieri |first4=Norman |last4=Angerhofer |first5=Francesca |last5=Gandini |first6=Valeria |last6=Carossa |first7=Hovirag |last7=Lancioni |first8=Ornella |last8=Semino |first9=Scott R. |last9=Woodward |first10=Alessandro |last10=Achilli |first11=Antonio |last11=Torroni |display-authors=3 |date=January 2012 |title=Mitochondrial haplogroup C4c: A rare lineage entering America through the ice-free corridor? |journal=American Journal of Physical Anthropology |volume=147 |issue=1 |pages=34–39 |doi=10.1002/ajpa.21614 |pmid=22024980 |quote=Recent analyses of mitochondrial genomes from Native Americans have brought the overall number of recognized maternal founding lineages from just four to a current count of 15. However, because of their relative low number, almost nothing is known about some of these lineages. This leaves a considerable void in understanding the events that led to the colonization of the Americas following the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). In this study, we identified and completely sequenced 14 mitochondrial DNAs belonging to one extremely rare Native American lineage known as haplogroup C4c. Its age and geographical distribution raise the possibility that C4c marked the Paleo-Indian group(s) that entered North America from Beringia through the ice-free corridor between the Laurentide and Cordilleran ice sheets. The similarities in ages and geographical distributions for C4c and the previously analyzed X2a lineage provide support to the scenario of a dual origin for Paleo-Indians.}}</ref>