Editing Pittsburgh (section)

===Local dialect===
{{Main|Western Pennsylvania English}}
The Pittsburgh English dialect, commonly called ''[[Pittsburgh English|Pittsburghese]]'', was influenced by [[Scots-Irish American|Scots-Irish]], German, and [[Eastern European]] immigrants and African Americans.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://pittsburghspeech.pitt.edu/PittsburghSpeech_History.html |title=History |website=pittsburghspeech.pitt.edu|access-date=October 19, 2018}}</ref> Locals who speak the dialect are sometimes referred to as "[[Yinzer]]s" (from the local word "yinz" [var. ''yunz''], a blended form of "you ones", similar to "y'all" and "you all" in the South). Common Pittsburghese terms are: "slippy" (slippery), "redd up" (clean up), "jagger bush" (thorn bush), and "gum bands" (rubber bands). The dialect is also notable for dropping the verb "to be". In Pittsburghese one would say "the car needs washed" instead of "needs to be washed", "needs washing", or "needs a wash." The dialect has some tonal similarities to other nearby regional dialects of Erie and Baltimore but is noted for its somewhat [[staccato]] rhythms. The staccato qualities of the dialect are thought to originate either from Welsh or other European languages. The many local peculiarities have prompted ''[[The New York Times]]'' to describe Pittsburgh as "the [[Galapagos Islands]] of American dialect".<ref>{{cite news |last=Sultan |first=Tim |date=March 17, 2006 |title=It's Not the Sights, It's the Sounds |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/03/17/travel/escapes/its-not-the-sights-its-the-sounds.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070109203001/http://travel2.nytimes.com/2006/03/17/travel/escapes/17accent.html?pagewanted=2 |archive-date=January 9, 2007 |work=The New York Times |access-date=August 14, 2007}}</ref> The lexicon itself contains notable loans from [[Polish language|Polish]] and other European languages; examples include ''[[headscarf|babushka]]'', ''[[pierogi]]'', and ''[[halušky]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://pittsburghspeech.pitt.edu/PittsburghSpeech_SpeechOverview.html |title=Overview |work=Pittsburgh Speech and Society | access-date = August 14, 2007}}</ref>