Editing Pedro II of Brazil (section)

=== Last years ===
{{main|Exile and death of Pedro II of Brazil}}
[[File:Atelier Nadar - Pedro II. (1825-1891), König von Brasilien, auf seinem Totenbett in Paris (Zeno Fotografie).jpg|thumb|left|upright=1.2|alt=Photograph showing a white-bearded man, hands folded on stomach, dressed in a uniform with sash and chain of office and lying in state on cushions with a book under the cushion at the head|Pedro, clad in court dress uniform, on his bier, 6 December 1891: the book beneath the pillow under his head symbolized that his mind rests upon knowledge even in death]]
Teresa Cristina died three weeks after their arrival in Europe, and Isabel and her family moved to another place while Pedro settled first in [[Cannes]] and later in Paris.{{sfn|Carvalho|2007|pp=234–235}}{{sfn|Barman|1999|pp=371, 377}} Pedro's last couple of years were lonely and melancholic, as he lived in modest hotels without money and writing in his journal of dreams in which he was allowed to return to Brazil.<ref>See:
* {{harvnb|Carvalho|2007|pp=237–238}},
* {{harvnb|Besouchet|1993|p=595}},
* {{harvnb|Lira 1977, Vol 3|pp=156–157}}.</ref> He never supported a restoration of the monarchy, once stating that he had no desire "to return to the position which I occupied, especially not by means of conspiracy of any sort."{{sfn|Barman|1999|p=380}} One day he caught an infection that progressed quickly into [[pneumonia]].{{sfn|Carvalho|2007|p=238}}{{sfn|Besouchet|1993|p=29}} Pedro rapidly declined and died at 00:35 on 5 December 1891 surrounded by his family.<ref>See:
* {{harvnb|Carvalho|2007|pp=238–239}},
* {{harvnb|Schwarcz|1998|p=489}},
* {{harvnb|Lira 1977, Vol 3|p=165}}.</ref> His last words were "May God grant me these last wishes—peace and prosperity for Brazil".{{sfn|Besouchet|1993|p=30}} While the body was being prepared, a sealed package in the room was found, and next to it a message written by the Emperor himself: "It is soil from my country, I wish it to be placed in my coffin in case I die away from my fatherland."<ref>See:
* {{harvnb|Schwarcz|1998|p=489}},
* {{harvnb|Calmon|1975|p=1897}},
* {{harvnb|Besouchet|1993|p=604}}.</ref>

Isabel wished to hold a discreet and private burial ceremony, but she eventually agreed to the French government's request for a [[state funeral]].<ref>See:
* {{harvnb|Besouchet|1993|p=609}},
* {{harvnb|Schwarcz|1998|p=489}},
* {{harvnb|Carvalho|2007|p=239}},
* {{harvnb|Calmon|1975|p=1896}}.</ref> On 9 December, thousands of mourners attended the ceremony at [[La Madeleine, Paris|La Madeleine]]. Aside from Pedro's family, these included: [[Francis II of the Two Sicilies|Francesco&nbsp;II]], former king of the Two Sicilies; [[Isabella II of Spain|Isabel&nbsp;II]], former queen of Spain; [[Philippe, comte de Paris]]; and other members of European royalty.{{sfn|Calmon|1975|p=1898}}{{sfn|Besouchet|1993|p=617}} Also present were General [[Joseph Brugère]], representing President [[Marie François Sadi Carnot|Sadi Carnot]]; the presidents of the [[Senate of France|Senate]] and the [[Chamber of Deputies of France|Chamber of Deputies]] as well as their members; diplomats; and other representatives of the French government.{{sfn|Besouchet|1993|p=618}}{{sfn|Carvalho|2007|p=239}} Nearly all members of the [[Institut de France]] were in attendance.{{sfn|Carvalho|2007|p=239}}{{sfn|Calmon|1975|p=1899}} Other governments from the Americas and Europe sent representatives, as did the [[Ottoman Empire]], [[Qajar Iran|Persia]], [[Qing Dynasty|China]], and [[Empire of Japan|Japan]].{{sfn|Besouchet|1993|p=618}} Following the services, the coffin was taken in procession to the railway station to begin its trip to Portugal. Around 300,000 people lined the route under incessant rain and cold.{{sfn|Calmon|1975|p=1900}}{{sfn|Besouchet|1993|p=614}} The journey continued on to the [[Monastery of São Vicente de Fora|Church of São Vicente de Fora]] near [[Lisbon]], where the body of Pedro was interred in the [[Royal Pantheon of the House of Braganza]] on 12 December.{{sfn|Carvalho|2007|p=240}}{{sfn|Calmon|1975|pp=1900–1902}}

The Brazilian republican government, "fearful of a backlash resulting from the death of the Emperor", banned any official reaction.{{sfn|Schwarcz|1998|p=493}} Nevertheless,  Brazilians were not indifferent to Pedro's death, and "repercussions in Brazil were also immense, despite the government's effort to suppress. There were demonstrations of sorrow throughout the country: shuttered business activity, flags displayed at half-staff, black armbands on clothes, death knells, religious ceremonies."{{sfn|Carvalho|2007|p=240}}{{sfn|Mônaco Janotti|1986|p=50}} Masses were held in memory of Pedro throughout Brazil, and he and the monarchy were praised in the eulogies that followed.{{sfn|Mônaco Janotti|1986|p=50}}