Editing Oxidative phosphorylation (section)

==== Hypoxia/anoxia tolerance ====
Hypoxia/Anoxia tolerant ectotherms have shown unique strategies for surviving anoxia. Pond turtles, such as the painted turtle (''[[Painted turtle|Chrysemys picta bellii]]''), will experience anoxia during winter while they overwinter at the bottom of frozen ponds.<ref name="Hawrysh_2022" /> In their cardiac mitochondria, the reversing of Complex V,<ref name="Galli_2013">{{cite journal | vauthors = Galli GL, Lau GY, Richards JG | title = Beating oxygen: chronic anoxia exposure reduces mitochondrial F1FO-ATPase activity in turtle (Trachemys scripta) heart | journal = The Journal of Experimental Biology | volume = 216 | issue = Pt 17 | pages = 3283–3293 | date = September 2013 | pmid = 23926310 | pmc = 4074260 | doi = 10.1242/jeb.087155 | bibcode = 2013JExpB.216.3283G }}</ref>  the usage of ATP, and the build-up of succinate are all prevented during anoxia.<ref name="Bundgaard_2019" /> Crucian carps (''[[Crucian carp|Carassius carassius]]'') also overwinter in frozen ponds and show no loss membrane potential in their cardiac mitochondria during anoxia, but this relies on complexes I and III to be active.<ref name="Scott_2024">{{cite journal | vauthors = Scott MA, Fagernes CE, Nilsson GE, Stensløkken KO | title = Maintained mitochondrial integrity without oxygen in the anoxia-tolerant crucian carp | journal = The Journal of Experimental Biology | volume = 227 | issue = 20 | pages = jeb247409 | date = October 2024 | pmid = 38779846 | pmc = 11418198 | doi = 10.1242/jeb.247409 | bibcode = 2024JExpB.227B7409S }}</ref>