Editing Ophthalmology (section)

===Pakistan===
In [[Pakistan]], after MBBS, a four-year full-time residency program leads to an exit-level FCPS examination in ophthalmology, held under the auspices of the College of Physicians and Surgeons, Pakistan. The tough examination is assessed by both highly qualified Pakistani and eminent international ophthalmic consultants. As a prerequisite to the final examinations, an intermediate module, an optics and refraction module, and a dissertation written on a research project carried out under supervision is also assessed.

Moreover, a two-and-a-half-year residency program leads to an MCPS while a two-year training of DOMS is also being offered.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://cpsp.edu.pk/ |title=College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan |publisher=Cpsp.edu.pk |access-date=2012-05-27 |archive-date=2017-07-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170712000106/https://www.cpsp.edu.pk/ |url-status=live }}</ref> For candidates in the military, a stringent two-year graded course, with quarterly assessments, is held under Armed Forces Post Graduate Medical Institute in Rawalpindi.

The M.S. in ophthalmology is also one of the specialty programs. In addition to programs for physicians, various diplomas and degrees for allied eyecare personnel are also being offered to produce competent optometrists, orthoptists, ophthalmic nurses, ophthalmic technologists, and ophthalmic technicians in this field. These programs are being offered, notably by the [[College of Ophthalmology and Allied Vision Sciences]], in [[Lahore]] and the Pakistan Institute of Community Ophthalmology in Peshawar.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.kemu.edu.pk/pipo.html |title=King Edward Medical University |publisher=Kemu.edu.pk |access-date=2012-05-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150708133329/http://kemu.edu.pk/pipo.html |archive-date=2015-07-08 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Subspecialty fellowships also are being offered in the fields of [[pediatric ophthalmology]] and vitreoretinal ophthalmology. [[King Edward Medical University]], Al Shifa Trust Eye Hospital Rawalpindi, and Al- Ibrahim Eye Hospital Karachi also have started a degree program in this field.