Editing Nuclear fusion (section)

=== Inertial confinement ===
{{main|Inertial confinement fusion}}
A third confinement principle is to apply a rapid pulse of energy to a large part of the surface of a pellet of fusion fuel, causing it to simultaneously "implode" and heat to very high pressure and temperature. If the fuel is dense enough and hot enough, the fusion reaction rate will be high enough to burn a significant fraction of the fuel before it has dissipated. To achieve these extreme conditions, the initially cold fuel must be explosively compressed. Inertial confinement is used in the [[hydrogen bomb]], where the driver is [[x-rays]] created by a fission bomb. Inertial confinement is also attempted in "controlled" nuclear fusion, where the driver is a [[laser]], [[ion]], or [[electron]] beam, or a [[Z-pinch]]. Another method is to use conventional high [[explosive material]] to compress a fuel to fusion conditions.<ref>F. Winterberg "[https://arxiv.org/abs/0802.3408 Conjectured Metastable Super-Explosives formed under High Pressure for Thermonuclear Ignition] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230303045020/https://arxiv.org/abs/0802.3408 |date=3 March 2023 }}"</ref><ref>Zhang, Fan; Murray, Stephen Burke; Higgins, Andrew (2005) "[http://www.wipo.int/pctdb/images4/PCT-PAGES/2006/102006/06024137/06024137.pdf Super compressed detonation method and device to effect such detonation]{{dead link|date=January 2012}}"</ref> The UTIAS explosive-driven-implosion facility was used to produce stable, centred and focused hemispherical implosions<ref>I.I. Glass and J.C. Poinssot "[https://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19700009349_1970009349.pdf IMPLOSION DRIVEN SHOCK TUBE] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230402100741/https://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19700009349_1970009349.pdf |date=2 April 2023 }}". NASA</ref> to generate [[neutron]]s from D-D reactions. The simplest and most direct method proved to be in a predetonated stoichiometric mixture of [[deuterium]]-[[oxygen]]. The other successful method was using a miniature [[Voitenko compressor]],<ref>D.Sagie and I.I. Glass (1982) "[https://web.archive.org/web/20110522030502/http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA121652 Explosive-driven hemispherical implosions for generating fusion plasmas]"</ref> where a plane diaphragm was driven by the implosion wave into a secondary small spherical cavity that contained pure [[deuterium]] gas at one atmosphere.<ref>T. Saito, A. K. Kudian and I. I. Glass "[http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADP000254&Location=U2&doc=GetTRDoc.pdf Temperature Measurements Of An Implosion Focus] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120720174842/http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADP000254&Location=U2&doc=GetTRDoc.pdf |date=2012-07-20 }}"</ref>