Editing Milan (section)

== Culture ==
{{Main|Culture of Milan}}
[[File:Milano palazzoclerici galleriaarazzi.JPG|thumb|The ''Galleria degli arazzi'' ("Tapestry Gallery") with frescoes by [[Giambattista Tiepolo]] in Palazzo Clerici]]

=== Museums and art galleries ===
{{Main|List of museums in Milan}}
[[File:Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) - The Last Supper (1495-1498).jpg|thumb|[[Leonardo da Vinci]]'s ''[[The Last Supper (Leonardo da Vinci)|The Last Supper]]'', together with the church of [[Santa Maria delle Grazie (Milan)|Santa Maria delle Grazie]], is a [[UNESCO]] [[World Heritage Site]].]]
[[File:Milan - Pinacothèque de Brera - Cour intérieure.jpg|thumb|The [[Pinacoteca di Brera]]]]
[[File:Parco Sempione (Milan), Wikimania 2016, MP 003.jpg|thumb|The [[Triennale]] design and art museum]]
[[File:San Carlo al Corso (Milano) 2022.jpg|thumb|The [[San Carlo al Corso (Milan)|San Carlo al Corso]]]]

Milan is home to many cultural institutions, museums and art galleries, that account for about a tenth of the national total of visitors and receipts.<ref>{{cite web|title=STATE MUSEUMS AND ART GALLERIES. NUMBER OF VISITORS AND RECEIPTS BY TYPE OF ADMISSION AND TYPE OF INSTITUTE, 2011|url=http://www.asr-lombardia.it/PSY-Milano/cultural-activities/culture/lombardia-and-provinces/tables/12915/|publisher=Province of Milan|access-date=14 June 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140508061231/http://www.asr-lombardia.it/PSY-Milano/cultural-activities/culture/lombardia-and-provinces/tables/12915/|archive-date=8 May 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> The Pinacoteca di Brera is one of Milan's most important art galleries. It contains one of the foremost collections of Italian painting, including masterpieces such as the ''[[Brera Madonna]]'' by [[Piero della Francesca]]. The Castello Sforzesco hosts numerous art collections and exhibitions, especially statues, ancient arms and furnitures, as well as the [[Sforza Castle Pinacoteca|Pinacoteca del Castello Sforzesco]], with an art collection including [[Michelangelo]]'s last sculpture, the ''[[Rondanini Pietà]]'', [[Andrea Mantegna]]'s ''[[Trivulzio Madonna]]'' and Leonardo da Vinci's ''[[Codex Trivulzianus]]'' manuscript. The Castello complex also includes [[Museo d'Arte Antica|The Museum of Ancient Art]], The Furniture Museum, The [[Museum of Musical Instruments (Milan)|Museum of Musical Instruments]] and the [[Applied Arts Collection (Milan)|Applied Arts Collection]], [[Egyptian Museum (Milan)|The Egyptian and Prehistoric sections]] of the [[Archaeological Museum (Milan)|Archaeological Museum]] and the Achille Bertarelli Print Collection (Civica Raccolta delle Stampe Bertarelli).

Milan's figurative art flourished in the [[Middle Ages]], and with the Visconti family being major patrons of the arts, the city became an important centre of [[Gothic art]] and architecture (Milan Cathedral being the city's most formidable work of Gothic architecture). Leonardo worked in Milan from 1482 until 1499. He was commissioned to paint the ''[[Virgin of the Rocks]]'' for the Confraternity of the Immaculate Conception and ''[[The Last Supper (Leonardo)|The Last Supper]]'' for the monastery of [[Santa Maria delle Grazie (Milan)|Santa Maria delle Grazie]].<ref name=Kemp>{{Cite book|first=Martin|last=Kemp|title=Leonardo|year=2004}}</ref>

The city was [[Baroque in Milan|affected by the Baroque]] in the 17th and 18th centuries, and hosted numerous formidable artists, architects and painters of that period, such as [[Caravaggio]] and [[Francesco Hayez]], which several important works are hosted in Brera Academy. The [[Museum of the Risorgimento (Milan)|Museum of Risorgimento]] is specialised on the history of [[Italian unification]] Its collections include iconic paintings like [[Baldassare Verazzi]]'s ''Episode from the Five Days'' and Francesco Hayez's 1840 ''[[:File:Francesco Hayez 047.jpg|Portrait]] of Emperor [[Ferdinand I of Austria]]''. The [[Triennale]] is a design museum and events venue located in Palazzo dell'Arte, in [[Parco Sempione|Sempione Park]]. It hosts exhibitions and events highlighting contemporary Italian design, urban planning, architecture, music and media arts, emphasising the relationship between art and industry.

Milan in the 20th century was the epicentre of the [[Futurism|futurist]] artistic movement. [[Filippo Tommaso Marinetti|Filippo Marinetti]], the founder of Italian Futurism wrote in his 1909 "''[[Manifesto of Futurism]]''" (in Italian, ''Manifesto Futuristico''), that Milan was "''grande...tradizionale e futurista''" ("''grand...traditional and futuristic''", in English). [[Umberto Boccioni]] was also an important Futurism artist who worked in the city. Today, Milan remains a major international hub of modern and contemporary art, with numerous modern art galleries. The [[Modern Art Gallery (Milan)|Modern Art Gallery]], situated in the Royal Villa, hosts collections of Italian and European painting from the 18th to the early 20th centuries.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gam-milano.com/ |title=Galleria d'Arte moderna di Milano |publisher=GAM Milano |access-date=29 September 2012 |archive-date=25 November 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121125153129/http://www.gam-milano.com/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>''Le città d'arte: Milano'', Guide brevi Skira, ed.2008, autori vari (Italian language).</ref><ref>''Milan'', Lonely Planet Encounter Guides, 1st Edition, January 2009 (English language).</ref> The [[The Museum of Twentieth Century (Museo del Novecento)|Museo del Novecento]], situated in the [[Palazzo dell'Arengario]], is one of the most important art galleries in Italy about 20th-century art; of particular relevance are the sections dedicated to Futurism, [[Spatialism]] and [[Arte povera]]. In the early 1990s architect [[David Chipperfield]] was invited to convert the premises of the former Ansaldo Factory into a Museum. Museo delle Culture (MUDEC) opened in April 2015.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.archdaily.com/617947/museum-of-cultures-completes-in-milan|title=Museum of Cultures Completes in Milan|date=10 April 2015|work=archdaily.com|access-date=13 September 2016|archive-date=19 September 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160919112127/http://www.archdaily.com/617947/museum-of-cultures-completes-in-milan|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[Gallerie di Piazza Scala]], a modern and contemporary museum located in Piazza della Scala in the Palazzo Brentani and the Palazzo Anguissola, hosts 195 artworks from the collections of [[Fondazione Cariplo]] with a strong representation of nineteenth-century Lombard painters and sculptors, including [[Antonio Canova]] and Umberto Boccioni. A new section was opened in the Palazzo della Banca Commerciale Italiana in 2012. Other private ventures dedicated to contemporary art include the exhibiting spaces of the [[Prada Foundation]] and [[HangarBicocca]]. The [[Nicola Trussardi Foundation]] is renewed for organising temporary exhibition in venues around the city. Milan is also home to many public art projects, with a variety of works that range from sculptures to murals to pieces by internationally renowned artists, including [[Arman]], [[Kengiro Azuma]], [[Francesco Barzaghi]], [[Alberto Burri]], [[Pietro Cascella]], [[Maurizio Cattelan]], Leonardo da Vinci, [[Giorgio de Chirico]], [[Kris Ruhs]], [[Emilio Isgrò]], [[Fausto Melotti]], [[Joan Miró]], Carlo Mo, [[Claes Oldenburg]], [[Igor Mitoraj]], Gianfranco Pardi, [[Michelangelo Pistoletto]], [[Arnaldo Pomodoro]], Carlo Ramous, [[Aldo Rossi]], [[Aligi Sassu]], [[Giuseppe Spagnulo]] and [[Domenico Trentacoste]].

=== Music ===
{{See also|Music of Milan}}
[[File:Architettura La Scala operahouse.jpg|thumb|Founded in 1778, [[La Scala]] is the world's most famous opera house.<ref>{{cite book|last=Griffin|first=Clive|title=Opera|date=2007|publisher=Collins|location=New York|isbn=978-0-06-124182-6|page=[https://archive.org/details/opera0000grif/page/172 172]|edition=1st U.S.|url=https://archive.org/details/opera0000grif/page/172}}</ref>]]

Milan is a major national and international centre of the performing arts, most notably opera. The city hosts La Scala operahouse, considered one of the world's most prestigious,<ref>{{cite news |last=Willey |first=David |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/4430214.stm |title=Europe &#124; La Scala faces uncertain future |work=BBC News |date=12 November 2005 |access-date=3 January 2010 |archive-date=8 May 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140508043113/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/4430214.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> having throughout history witnessed the [[Premier Exhibitions|premieres]] of numerous operas, such as ''[[Nabucco]]'' by [[Giuseppe Verdi]] in 1842, ''[[La Gioconda (opera)|La Gioconda]]'' by [[Amilcare Ponchielli]], ''[[Madama Butterfly]]'' by [[Giacomo Puccini]] in 1904, ''[[Turandot]]'' by Puccini in 1926, and more recently ''[[Teneke (opera)|Teneke]]'', by [[Fabio Vacchi]] in 2007. Other major theatres in Milan include the [[Teatro degli Arcimboldi]], [[Teatro Dal Verme]], [[Teatro Lirico (Milan)|Teatro Lirico]] and formerly the [[Teatro Regio Ducale]]. The city is also the seat of a renowned [[Orchestra Sinfonica di Milano Giuseppe Verdi|symphony orchestra]] and [[Milan Conservatory|musical conservatory]], and has been, throughout history, a major centre for musical composition: numerous famous composers and musicians such as [[Gioseppe Caimo]], [[Simon Boyleau]], [[Hoste da Reggio]], Verdi, [[Giulio Gatti-Casazza]], [[Paolo Cherici]] and [[Alice Edun]] lived and worked in Milan. The city is also the birthplace of many modern ensembles and bands, including [[I Camaleonti]], [[Camerata Mediolanense]], [[Gli Spioni]], [[Dynamis Ensemble]], [[Elio e le Storie Tese]], [[Krisma]], [[Premiata Forneria Marconi]], [[Quartetto Cetra]], [[Stormy Six]], [[Le Vibrazioni]] and [[Lacuna Coil]].

=== Fashion and design ===
{{Main|Fashion in Milan}}
[[File:Galleria Vittorio Emanuele II 2382.jpg|thumb|[[Galleria Vittorio Emanuele II]] is Italy's oldest active shopping gallery and a major landmark of Milan.]]

Milan is widely regarded as a global capital in industrial design, fashion and architecture.<ref>{{cite book|last=Knox|first=Paul L.|title=Cities and design |year=2010 |publisher=Routledge |location=London|isbn=978-0-203-84855-5|pages=228–235}}</ref> In the 1950s and 60s, as the main industrial centre of Italy and one of Europe's most dynamic cities, Milan became a world capital of design and architecture. There was such a revolutionary change that Milan's fashion exports accounted for {{US$}}726&nbsp;million in 1952, and by 1955 that number grew to {{US$}}72.5&nbsp;billion.<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=8329251|title=Cambridge Journals Online – Business History Review – Abstract – Turning Fashion into Business: The Emergence of Milan as an International Fashion Hub|journal=Business History Review|volume=80 |issue=3 |pages=415–447 |doi=10.1017/S0007680500035856 |access-date=24 January 2015|archive-date=14 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160714121432/http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=8329251|url-status=live|last1=Merlo |first1=Elisabetta |last2=Polese |first2=Francesca |date=October 2006 |s2cid=156857344  |issn=0007-6805}}</ref> Modern skyscrapers, such as the Pirelli Tower and the Torre Velasca were built, and artists such as [[Bruno Munari]], [[Lucio Fontana]], [[Enrico Castellani]] and [[Piero Manzoni]] gathered in the city.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.frieze.com/issue/article/milan_turin |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071112121758/http://www.frieze.com/issue/article/milan_turin/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=12 November 2007 |title=Frieze Magazine &#124; Archive &#124; Milan and Turin |publisher=Frieze.com |access-date=3 January 2010 }}</ref> Today, Milan is still particularly well known for its high-quality furniture and interior design industry. The city is home to FieraMilano, Europe's largest permanent trade exhibition, and Salone Internazionale del Mobile, one of the most prestigious international furniture and design fairs.<ref>{{cite web|title=Salone Internazionale del Mobile official website |url=http://www.cosmit.it/en/salone_internazionale_del_mobile |access-date=15 April 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130410191218/http://cosmit.it/en/salone_internazionale_del_mobile |archive-date=10 April 2013}}</ref>

Milan is also regarded as one of the fashion capitals of the world, along with [[New York Fashion Week|New York City]], [[Paris Fashion Week|Paris]] and [[London Fashion Week|London]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.languagemonitor.com/global-english/new-york-takes-top-global-fashion-capital-title-from-london-edging-past-paris/ |title=New York Takes Top Global Fashion Capital Title from London, edging past Paris |date=3 February 2015 |publisher=Languagemonitor.com |access-date=9 May 2017 |archive-date=21 May 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170521223339/http://www.languagemonitor.com/global-english/new-york-takes-top-global-fashion-capital-title-from-london-edging-past-paris/ |url-status=usurped }}</ref> Milan is synonymous with the Italian prêt-à-porter industry,<ref>{{cite book|last=Bye|first=Elizabeth|title=Fashion design|year=2010|publisher=Berg|location=Oxford|isbn=978-1-84788-266-0|pages=136–137|edition=English}}</ref> as many of the most famous [[Italian fashion]] brands, such as [[Valentino SpA|Valentino]], Versace, Prada, Armani and Dolce & Gabbana, are headquartered in the city. Numerous international fashion labels also operate shops in Milan. Furthermore, the city hosts the [[Milan Fashion Week]] twice a year, one of the most important events in the international fashion system.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Milan Fashion Week – Home of the best|journal=Mojeh Magazine|url=http://mojeh.com/milan-fashion-week|access-date=15 April 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130315153110/http://mojeh.com/milan-fashion-week|archive-date=15 March 2013}}</ref> Milan's main upscale fashion district, ''[[quadrilatero della moda]]'', is home to the city's most prestigious shopping streets (Via Monte Napoleone, [[Via della Spiga]], [[Via Sant'Andrea]], [[Via Manzoni]] and [[Corso Venezia]]), in addition to Galleria Vittorio Emanuele II, one of the world's oldest shopping malls.<ref>{{cite book|last=Klaffke|first=Pamela|title=Spree : a cultural history of shopping|year=2003|publisher=Arsenal Pulp Press|location=Vancouver, B.C.|isbn=1-55152-143-1|page=[https://archive.org/details/spree00pame/page/46 46]|url=https://archive.org/details/spree00pame/page/46}}</ref> The term ''[[sciura]]'' encapsulates the look and culture of fashionable, elderly Milanese women.

=== Languages and literature ===
{{Main|Milanese literature}}
[[File:Francesco Hayez 040.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Alessandro Manzoni]] is famous for the novel ''[[The Betrothed (Manzoni novel)|The Betrothed]]'' (1827), generally ranked among the masterpieces of [[world literature]].<ref name="britannica">{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Alessandro-Manzoni|title=Alessandro Manzoni &#124; Italian author|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|date=18 May 2023 }}</ref> This novel is a fundamental milestone in the development of the modern, unified Italian language.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://manzoni.classicauthors.net/IPromessiSposiOrTheBetrothed/IPromessiSposiOrTheBetrothed1.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718073016/http://manzoni.classicauthors.net/IPromessiSposiOrTheBetrothed/IPromessiSposiOrTheBetrothed1.html|url-status=dead|title=I Promessi sposi or The Betrothed|archivedate=18 July 2011}}</ref>]]

In the late 18th century and throughout the 19th, Milan was an important centre for intellectual discussion and literary creativity. The [[Age of Enlightenment|Enlightenment]] found here a fertile ground. [[Cesare Beccaria|Cesare, Marquis of Beccaria]], with his famous ''[[Dei delitti e delle pene]]'', and Count [[Pietro Verri]], with the periodical ''Il Caffè'' were able to exert a considerable influence over the new [[middle class|middle-class]] culture.

In the first years of the 19th century, the ideals of the [[Romanticism|Romantic movement]] made their impact on the cultural life of the city and its major writers debated the primacy of Classical versus [[Romantic poetry]]. Additionally, [[Giuseppe Parini]] and [[Ugo Foscolo]] published their most important works, and were admired by younger poets as masters of ethics, as well as of literary craftsmanship.

In the third decade of the 19th century, [[Alessandro Manzoni]] wrote his novel ''[[The Betrothed (Manzoni novel)|I Promessi Sposi]]'', considered the manifesto of Italian Romanticism, which found in Milan its centre; in the same period [[Carlo Porta]], reputed the most renowned local vernacular poet, wrote his poems in [[Lombard Language]]. The periodical ''[[Il Conciliatore]]'' published articles by [[Silvio Pellico]], [[Giovanni Berchet]], [[Ludovico di Breme]], who were both Romantic in poetry and patriotic in politics.

After the Unification of Italy in 1861, Milan retained a sort of central position in cultural debates. New ideas and movements from other countries of Europe were accepted and discussed: thus [[Realism (arts)|Realism]] and [[Naturalism (literature)|Naturalism]] gave birth to prewar Italian movement of ''[[Verismo]]'' in Southern Italy, its greatest ''Verista'' novelist [[Giovanni Verga]] formed in Sicily who wrote his most important books in Milan.

In addition to Italian, approximately 2&nbsp;million people in Northern Italy can speak the [[Milanese dialect]] or other [[Western dialects of Lombard language|Western Lombard]] variation.<ref>{{cite book|last=Coluzzi|first=Paolo|title=Minority language planning and micronationalism in Italy: an analysis of the situation of Friulian, Cimbrian and Western Lombard with reference to Spanish minority languages|date=2007|publisher=New York|location=Oxford|isbn=978-3-03911-041-4|page=260}}</ref>

=== Media ===
[[File:IMG 4261 - Milano - Sede del Corriere della Sera in via Solferino - Foto Giovanni Dall'Orto 20-jan 2007.jpg|thumb|The historic seat of the ''[[Corriere della Sera]]'' in via Solferino in Milan]]

Milan is an important national and international media centre. {{Lang|it|[[Corriere della Sera]]}}, founded in 1876, is one of the oldest Italian newspapers, and it is published by [[RCS MediaGroup|Rizzoli]], as well as {{Lang|it|[[La Gazzetta dello Sport]]}}, a daily dedicated to coverage of various sports and currently considered the most widely read daily newspaper in Italy. Other local dailies are the general broadsheets {{Lang|it|[[Il Giorno (newspaper)|Il Giorno]]}}, {{Lang|it|[[Il Giornale]]}}, the Catholic newspaper {{Lang|it|[[Avvenire]]}}, and {{Lang|it|[[Il Sole 24 Ore]]}}, a daily business newspaper owned by [[Confindustria]] (the Italian employers' federation). Free daily newspapers include {{Lang|it|[[Leggo]]}} and ''[[Metro (Italian newspaper)|Metro]]''. Milan is also home to many architecture, art and fashion periodicals, including ''[[Abitare]]'', ''[[Casabella]]'', ''[[Domus (magazine)|Domus]]'', ''[[Flash Art]]'', ''[[Gioia (magazine)|Gioia]]'', ''[[Grazia]]'' and ''[[Vogue Italia]]''. ''[[Panorama (magazine)|Panorama]]'' and ''[[Oggi (magazine)|Oggi]]'', two of Italy's most important weekly news magazines, are also published in Milan.

Several commercial broadcast television networks have their national headquarters in the Milan conurbation, including Mediaset Group (owner of [[Canale 5]], [[Italia 1]], [[Iris (TV channel)|Iris]] and [[Rete 4]]), [[Telelombardia]] and [[MTV Italy]]. National radio stations based in Milan include [[Radio Deejay]], [[Radio 105 Network]], [[R101 (Italy)]], [[Radio Popolare]], [[RTL 102.5]], [[Radio Capital]] and [[Virgin Radio Italia]].

=== Cuisine ===
{{Main|Lombard cuisine}}
{{Multiple image
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| caption1          = [[Ossobuco]] served with {{lang|it|[[risotto alla milanese]]}}
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[[File:Antica trattoria Bagutto.jpg|thumb|The [[Antica trattoria Bagutto]] in Milan, the oldest restaurant in Italy and the second in Europe.<ref name="localistorici"/>]]
Like most cities in Italy, Milan has developed its own local culinary tradition, which, as it is typical for North Italian cuisines, uses more frequently rice than pasta, butter than [[vegetable oil]] and features almost no tomato or [[Fish as food|fish]]. Milanese traditional dishes includes ''[[cotoletta|cotoletta alla milanese]]'', a breaded veal (pork and turkey can be used) cutlet pan-fried in butter (similar to Viennese [[Wiener Schnitzel]]). Other typical dishes are ''[[cassoeula]]'' (stewed pork rib chops and sausage with [[Cabbage|Savoy cabbage]]), ''[[ossobuco]]'' (braised [[veal]] shank served with a condiment called ''[[gremolata]]''), ''[[risotto|risotto alla milanese]]'' (with [[saffron]] and beef marrow), ''busecca'' (stewed [[tripe]] with beans), ''[[mondeghili]]'' ([[meatballs]] made with leftover meat fried in butter) and ''brasato'' (stewed beef or pork with wine and potatoes).

Season-related pastries include ''chiacchiere'' (flat fritters dusted with sugar) and ''tortelli'' (fried spherical cookies) for [[Carnival]], ''colomba'' (glazed cake shaped as a dove) for Easter, ''pane dei morti'' ("bread of the (Day of the) Dead", cookies flavoured with [[cinnamon]]) for [[All Souls' Day]] and [[panettone]] for Christmas. The ''salame Milano'', a [[salami]] with a very fine grain, is widespread throughout Italy. Renowned Milanese cheeses are [[gorgonzola]] (from the [[Gorgonzola, Milan|namesake]] village nearby), [[mascarpone]], used in pastry-making, [[taleggio cheese|taleggio]] and quartirolo.

The ''[[comune]]'' of [[San Colombano al Lambro]], located about {{convert|40|km}} south-east of Milan, is home to the ''[[Denominazione di origine controllata]]'' (DOC) wine which includes 100 hectares (250 acres) producing a single red wine. The finished wine must attain a minimum [[alcohol level]] of 11% to be [[labelled (wine)|labelled]] with the San Colombano DOC designation.<ref name="Saunders">P. Saunders ''Wine Label Language'' pg 198 Firefly Books 2004 {{ISBN|1-55297-720-X}}</ref>

Milan is well known for its world-class restaurants and cafés, characterised by innovative cuisine and design.<ref>{{cite web|title=Where Are the World's Best Shopping and Dining Destinations?|url=http://magazine.fourseasons.com/travel-food-style/things-to-do/personalities-perspectives/best-shopping-and-dining-around-the-world|publisher=Four Seasons Magazine|access-date=14 September 2014|archive-date=15 September 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140915032240/http://magazine.fourseasons.com/travel-food-style/things-to-do/personalities-perspectives/best-shopping-and-dining-around-the-world|url-status=live}}</ref> {{As of|2014}}, Milan has 157 Michelin-selected places, including three 2-Michelin-starred restaurants;<ref>{{cite web|title=best restaurant in milan |url=http://milan.citylisting.org/category/restaurant/ |access-date=27 February 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402202228/http://milan.citylisting.org/category/restaurant/ |archive-date=2 April 2015 }}</ref> these include [[Cracco Peck|Cracco]], Sadler and il Luogo di Aimo e Nadia.<ref>{{cite web|title=Michelin Guide restaurants – Milan|url=http://www.viamichelin.com/web/Restaurants/Restaurants-Milan-_-Milano-Italy?strLocid=31NDMwdDIxMGNORFV1TkRZek5qZz1jT1M0eE9EZ3hOdz09|access-date=17 September 2014|archive-date=20 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141020151144/http://www.viamichelin.com/web/Restaurants/Restaurants-Milan-_-Milano-Italy?strLocid=31NDMwdDIxMGNORFV1TkRZek5qZz1jT1M0eE9EZ3hOdz09|url-status=live}}</ref> Many historical restaurants and bars are found in the historic centre, the Brera and Navigli districts. Milan is home to the oldest restaurant in Italy and the second in Europe, the [[Antica trattoria Bagutto]], which has existed since at least 1284.<ref name="localistorici">{{Cite web|url=http://www.localistorici.it/it/Schede/view/tipo/locali-storici/categorie/per-anno-di-fondazione_1200-1299/slug/antica-trattoria-bagutto|title=Antica trattoria Bagutto|access-date=29 November 2020|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130430180217/http://www.localistorici.it/it/Schede/view/tipo/locali-storici/categorie/per-anno-di-fondazione_1200-1299/slug/antica-trattoria-bagutto|archive-date=30 April 2013|language=it}}</ref> One of the city's oldest surviving cafés, [[Caffè Cova]], was established in 1817.<ref>[https://www.milanopocket.it/pasticceria-cova-milano/ La Pasticceria Cova di Milano: tradizione ed eleganza dal 1817] ''MilanoPocket.it''</ref> In total, Milan has 15 cafés, bars and restaurants registered among the Historical Places of Italy, continuously operating for at least 70 years.<ref>{{cite web|title=Historic places of Lombardy|url=http://www.localistorici.it/it/Schede/list/tipo/locali-storici/categorie/per-regione_lombardia/page/2|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140914190000/http://www.localistorici.it/it/Schede/list/tipo/locali-storici/categorie/per-regione_lombardia/page/2|url-status=dead|archive-date=14 September 2014|publisher=Associazione Locali Storici d'Italia|access-date=17 September 2014}}</ref>