Editing Michigan (section)

== Infrastructure ==

=== Energy ===
{{see also|List of power stations in Michigan}}

[[File:Fermi_NPP.jpg|thumb|[[Enrico Fermi Nuclear Generating Station]] on the shore of [[Lake Erie]], near [[Monroe, Michigan|Monroe]]]]

In 2020, Michigan consumed 113,740- [[Kilowatt hour#Watt-hour multiples|gigawatt-hours]] (GWh) of electrical energy and produced 116,700  (GWh) of electrical energy.<ref name="MI-ESRP">[https://www.energy.gov/sites/default/files/2021-09/Michigan%20Energy%20Sector%20Risk%20Profile.pdf State of Michigan ENERGY SECTOR RISK PROFILE] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220514093837/https://www.energy.gov/sites/default/files/2021-09/Michigan%20Energy%20Sector%20Risk%20Profile.pdf |date=May 14, 2022 }}, ''U.S. Department of Energy'', March 2021</ref>

[[Coal power]] is Michigan's leading source of electricity, producing roughly half its supply or 53,100 GWh of electrical energy (12.6 GW total capacity) in 2020.<ref name="MI-ESRP" /> Although Michigan has no active coal mines, coal is easily moved from other states by train and across the [[Great Lakes]] by [[lake freighter]]s. The lower price of natural gas is leading to the closure of most coal plants, with Consumer Energy planning to close all of its remaining coal plants by 2025;<ref>[https://www.michiganradio.org/environment-climate-change/2022-04-20/consumers-energy-agrees-to-stop-burning-coal-by-2025 Consumers Energy Agrees to Stop Burning Coal by 2025] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220514111051/https://www.michiganradio.org/environment-climate-change/2022-04-20/consumers-energy-agrees-to-stop-burning-coal-by-2025 |date=May 14, 2022 }}, Sarah Cwiek, Michigan Radio, April 20, 2022</ref> DTE plans to retire 2100MW of coal power by 2023.<ref>[https://www.platts.com/latest-news/coal/louisville-kentucky/dte-electric-plans-to-keep-belle-river-monroe-10389797 DTE Electric plans to keep Belle River, Monroe coal plants running: official] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180627091328/https://www.platts.com/latest-news/coal/louisville-kentucky/dte-electric-plans-to-keep-belle-river-monroe-10389797 |date=June 27, 2018 }}, ''Platts'', April 27, 2018</ref> The coal-fired [[Monroe Power Plant]] in [[Monroe, Michigan|Monroe]], on the western shore of [[Lake Erie]], is the nation's 11th-largest electric plant, with a net capacity of 3,400 MW.

[[Nuclear power]] is also a significant source of electrical power in Michigan, producing roughly one-quarter of the state's supply or 28,000-[[Kilowatt hour#Watt-hour multiples|gigawatt-hours]] (GWh) of electrical energy (4.3 GW total capacity) in 2020.<ref name="MI-ESRP" /> The three active nuclear power plants supply Michigan with about 26% of its electricity. [[Donald C. Cook Nuclear Plant]], just north of [[Bridgman, Michigan|Bridgman]], is the state's largest [[nuclear power plant]], with a net capacity of 2,213 MW. The [[Enrico Fermi Nuclear Generating Station]] is the second-largest, with a net capacity of 1,150 MW. It is also one of the two nuclear power plants in the [[Detroit metropolitan area]] (within a 50-mile radius of Detroit's city center), about halfway between [[Detroit]] and [[Toledo, Ohio]], the other being the [[Davis–Besse Nuclear Power Station]], in [[Ottawa County, Ohio]]. The [[Palisades Nuclear Power Plant]], south of [[South Haven, Michigan|South Haven]], closed in May 2022.<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.woodtv.com/news/michigan/palisades-power-plant-shuts-down-early/ |title = Palisades Power Plant shuts down early |publisher = WOODTV.com |date = May 20, 2022 |accessdate = June 19, 2022 |archive-date = June 1, 2022 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220601001125/https://www.woodtv.com/news/michigan/palisades-power-plant-shuts-down-early/ |url-status = live }}</ref> The [[Big Rock Point Nuclear Power Plant]], Michigan's first nuclear power plant and the nation's fifth, was decommissioned in 1997.

Utility companies were required to generate at least 10% of their energy from renewable sources by 2015, under Public Act 295 of 2008. In 2016, the legislature set another mandate to reach at least 12.5% renewable energy by 2019 and 15% by end of year 2021, which all utilities subject to the law successfully met. By the end of 2022, Michigan had at least 6 GW of renewable generating capacity, and was projected to have at least 8 GW by the end of 2026. Wind energy accounted for 59% of all Michigan energy credits in 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Helms |first=Matt |date=2023-09-29 |title=MPSC report on renewable energy, distributed generation finds utilities meeting 2021 goal, making progress toward 35% goal |url=https://www.michigan.gov/mpsc/commission/news-releases/2023/09/29/mpsc-report-on-renewable-energy-distributed-generation |access-date=2024-05-29 |website=Michigan Public Service Commission |archive-date=May 31, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240531150405/https://www.michigan.gov/mpsc/commission/news-releases/2023/09/29/mpsc-report-on-renewable-energy-distributed-generation |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Renewable Energy Filings |url=https://www.michigan.gov/mpsc/regulatory/electricity/renewable-energy/renewable-energy-filings |access-date=2024-05-29 |website=Michigan Public Service Commission |archive-date=May 30, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240530004333/https://www.michigan.gov/mpsc/regulatory/electricity/renewable-energy/renewable-energy-filings |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Transportation ===
==== International crossings ====

[[File:Lake_freighter_approaches_a_bridge_(32304530671).jpg|thumb|The [[Bluewater Bridge|Blue Water Bridge]], a twin-span bridge across the [[St. Clair River]] that links [[Port Huron]] and [[Sarnia, Ontario]]]]

Michigan has nine international road crossings with Ontario, Canada:
* [[Ambassador Bridge]], North America's busiest international border, crossing the Detroit River
* [[Blue Water Bridge]], a twin-span bridge ([[Port Huron, Michigan]], and [[Point Edward, Ontario]], but the larger city of [[Sarnia]] is usually referred to on the Canadian side)
* Blue Water Ferry ([[Marine City, Michigan]], and Sombra, Ontario)
* [[Michigan Central Railway Tunnel|Canadian Pacific Railway tunnel]]
* [[Detroit–Windsor Truck Ferry]] (Detroit and [[Windsor, Ontario|Windsor]])
* [[Detroit–Windsor Tunnel]]
* [[Sault Ste. Marie International Bridge|International Bridge]] (Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan, and [[Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario]])
* [[St. Clair Tunnel|St. Clair River Railway Tunnel]] (Port Huron and Sarnia)
* [[Walpole Island]] Ferry ([[Algonac, Michigan]], and [[Walpole Island]] First Nation, Ontario)

The [[Gordie Howe International Bridge]], a second international bridge between Detroit and Windsor, is under construction. It is expected to be completed in 2024.<ref>{{cite web |last = Battagello |first = Dave |date = February 28, 2020 |title = Gordie Howe bridge construction continues to ramp up, properties fully secured |url = https://windsorstar.com/news/local-news/howe-bridge-annual-general-meeting |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200403010239/https://windsorstar.com/news/local-news/howe-bridge-annual-general-meeting/ |archive-date = April 3, 2020 |access-date = June 16, 2020 |work = Windsor Star}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.partnershipborderstudy.com |title = Detroit River International Crossing Study Website |access-date = December 2, 2019 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100504083556/http://www.partnershipborderstudy.com/ |archive-date = May 4, 2010 |url-status = dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date = September 28, 2018 |title = $3.8B to build Gordie Howe bridge, complete by end of 2024 |url = https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/windsor/gordie-howe-bridge-construction-1.4842489 |access-date = June 16, 2020 |work = CBC |archive-date = October 10, 2021 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211010101354/https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/windsor/gordie-howe-bridge-construction-1.4842489 |url-status = live }}</ref>

====Railroads====

{{See also|List of Michigan railroads|History of railroads in Michigan}}

Michigan is served by four [[Class I railroad]]s: the [[Canadian National Railway]], the [[Canadian Pacific Railway]], [[CSX Transportation]], and the [[Norfolk Southern Railway]]. These are augmented by several dozen [[short line railroad]]s. The vast majority of rail service in Michigan is devoted to [[freight rail|freight]], with Amtrak and various scenic railroads the exceptions.<ref>{{cite map |url = http://michigan.gov/documents/MDOT_Official_Rail_130897_7.pdf |title = Railroads Operating in Michigan |author = Michigan Department of Transportation |publisher = Michigan Department of Transportation |access-date = February 15, 2008 |format = PDF |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080216012417/http://michigan.gov/documents/MDOT_Official_Rail_130897_7.pdf |archive-date = February 16, 2008 |url-status = live}}</ref>

{{Main|Michigan Services}}

Three [[Amtrak]] passenger rail routes serve the state. The [[Pere Marquette (Amtrak train)|Pere Marquette]] from Chicago to Grand Rapids, the [[Blue Water (train)|Blue Water]] from Chicago to Port Huron, and the [[Wolverine (Amtrak train)|Wolverine]] from Chicago to Pontiac. There are plans for [[commuter rail]] for Detroit and its suburbs (see [[SEMCOG Commuter Rail]]).<ref>{{cite news |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070210234916/http://www.freep.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F20070122%2FNEWS06%2F701220388%2F1001%2FBUSINESS05 |url = http://www.freep.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20070122/NEWS06/701220388/1001/BUSINESS05 |title = Commuter rail plan to Detroit gets a push: Amtrak from Ann Arbor |date = January 22, 2007 |first = Kathleen |last = Gray |work = [[Detroit Free Press]] |archive-date = February 10, 2007 |url-status = live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.marp.org/detroitcommuter.htm |title = Commuter rail service facts |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080225102008/http://www.marp.org/detroitcommuter.htm |archive-date = February 25, 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url = http://www.mlive.com/news/ann-arbor/index.ssf/2009/03/commuter_rail_line_will_have_s.html |title = Commuter rail line will have stop in Ypsilanti |first = John |last = Mulcahy |work = The Ann Arbor News |date = March 10, 2009 |access-date = March 17, 2009 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090313043427/http://www.mlive.com/news/ann-arbor/index.ssf/2009/03/commuter_rail_line_will_have_s.html |archive-date = March 13, 2009 |url-status = live}}</ref>

====Roadways====
{{See also|Michigan State Trunkline Highway System|List of County-Designated Highways in Michigan|l2=County-Designated Highways in Michigan}}

[[File:US2 Along Lake Michigan.jpg|thumb|[[U.S. Route 2 in Michigan|U.S. Highway&nbsp;2]] (US&nbsp;2) runs along [[Lake Michigan]] from [[Naubinway Island|Naubinway]] to its eastern terminus at [[St. Ignace, Michigan|St. Ignace]].]]
[[File:Mackinac Bridge from the air3.jpg|thumb|The [[Mackinac Bridge]], a suspension bridge spanning the [[Straits of Mackinac]] to connect the [[Upper Michigan|Upper]] and [[Lower Michigan|Lower]] peninsulas of Michigan]]
* [[Interstate 75 in Michigan|Interstate&nbsp;75]] (I-75) is the main thoroughfare between Detroit, Flint, and [[Saginaw, Michigan|Saginaw]] extending north to [[Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario|Sault Ste. Marie]] and providing access to Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario. The freeway crosses the [[Mackinac Bridge]] between the Lower and Upper Peninsulas. Auxiliary highways include [[Interstate 275 (Michigan)|I-275]] and [[Interstate 375 (Michigan)|I-375]] in Detroit; [[Interstate 475 (Michigan)|I-475]] in Flint; and [[Interstate 675 (Michigan)|I-675]] in Saginaw.
* [[Interstate 69 in Michigan|I-69]] enters the state near the Michigan–Ohio–Indiana border, and it extends to [[Port Huron, Michigan|Port Huron]] and provides access to the [[Blue Water Bridge]] crossing into [[Sarnia]], Ontario.
* [[Interstate 94 in Michigan|I-94]] enters the western end of the state at the Indiana border, and it travels east to Detroit and then northeast to Port Huron and ties in with I-69. [[Interstate 194 (Michigan)|I-194]] branches off from this freeway in Battle Creek. I-94 is the main artery between Chicago and Detroit.
* [[Interstate 96|I-96]] runs east–west between Detroit and [[Muskegon, Michigan|Muskegon]]. [[Interstate 496|I-496]] loops through Lansing. [[Interstate 196|I-196]] branches off from this freeway at Grand Rapids and connects to I-94 near Benton Harbor. [[Interstate 696|I-696]] branches off from this freeway at [[Novi, Michigan|Novi]] and connects to I-94 near [[St. Clair Shores, Michigan|St. Clair Shores]].
* [[U.S. Route 2 in Michigan|U.S. Highway&nbsp;2]] (US&nbsp;2) enters Michigan at the city of [[Ironwood, Michigan|Ironwood]] and travels east to the town of [[Crystal Falls, Michigan|Crystal Falls]], where it turns south and briefly re-enters Wisconsin northwest of [[Florence (CDP), Wisconsin|Florence]]. It re-enters Michigan north of [[Iron Mountain, Michigan|Iron Mountain]] and continues through the Upper Peninsula of Michigan to the cities of [[Escanaba, Michigan|Escanaba]], [[Manistique, Michigan|Manistique]], and [[St. Ignace, Michigan|St. Ignace]]. Along the way, it cuts through the [[Ottawa National Forest|Ottawa]] and [[Hiawatha National Forest|Hiawatha]] national forests and follows the northern shore of Lake Michigan. Its eastern terminus lies at exit 344 on I-75, just north of the Mackinac Bridge.
* [[U.S. Route 23 in Michigan|US&nbsp;23]] enters Michigan at the Ohio state line in the suburban spillover of [[Toledo, Ohio]], as a freeway and leads northward to Ann Arbor before merging with I-75 just south of Flint. Concurrent with I-75 through Flint, Saginaw, and Bay City, it splits from I-75 at [[Standish, Michigan|Standish]] as an intermittently four-lane/two-lane surface road closely following the western shore of Lake Huron generally northward through Alpena before turning west to northwest toward Mackinaw City and I-75 again, where it terminates.
* [[U.S. Route 31 in Michigan|US&nbsp;31]] enters Michigan as Interstate-quality freeway at the Indiana state line just northwest of South Bend, Indiana, heads north to I-196 near Benton Harbor, and follows the eastern shore of Lake Michigan to Mackinaw City, where it has its northern terminus.
* [[U.S. Route 127 in Michigan|US&nbsp;127]] enters Michigan from Ohio south of [[Hudson, Michigan|Hudson]] as a two-lane, undivided highway and closely follows the [[Michigan meridian]], the principal north–south line used to survey Michigan in the early 19th century. It passes north through [[Jackson, Michigan|Jackson]] and Lansing before terminating south of [[Grayling, Michigan|Grayling]] at I-75, and is a four-lane freeway for the majority of its course.
* [[U.S. Route 131|US&nbsp;131]] has its southern terminus at the Indiana Toll Road roughly one mile south of the Indiana state line as a two-lane surface road. It passes through Kalamazoo and Grand Rapids as a freeway of Interstate standard and continues as such to [[Manton, Michigan|Manton]], where it reverts to two-lane surface road to its northern terminus at US&nbsp;31 in Petoskey.

====Intercity bus services====
*[[Amtrak Thruway]]
*[[Barons Bus Lines]]
*[[Flixbus]]
*[[Greyhound Lines]]
*[[Indian Trails]]
*[[Megabus (North America)|Megabus]]

====Airports====
{{See also|List of airports in Michigan}}

[[File:DTW McNamara Terminal from the air.jpg|thumb|Aerial view of [[Detroit Metropolitan Airport|Detroit Metro Airport]] (DTW)]]

[[Detroit Metropolitan Airport]] in the western suburb of [[Romulus, Michigan|Romulus]], was in 2010 the 16th busiest airfield in North America measured by passenger traffic.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.aci-na.org/sites/default/files/_rankings-2010nam_.xls |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120316105016/http://www.aci-na.org/sites/default/files/_rankings-2010nam_.xls |url-status = dead |title = Airports Council International 2010 Final Airport Traffic Report |archive-date = March 16, 2012}}</ref> The [[Gerald R. Ford International Airport]] in Grand Rapids is the next busiest airport in the state, served by eight airlines to 23 destinations. Flint [[Bishop International Airport]] is the third largest airport in the state, served by four airlines to several primary hubs. Other frequently trafficked airports include [[Cherry Capital Airport]], in Traverse City; [[Kalamazoo/Battle Creek International Airport]], serving the Kalamazoo and Battle Creek region; [[Capital Region International Airport]], located outside of Lansing; and [[MBS International Airport]] serving the [[Midland, Michigan|Midland]], [[Bay City, Michigan|Bay City]] and Saginaw tri-city region. Additionally, smaller regional and local airports are located throughout the state including on several islands.