Editing Mathematical optimization (section)

===Electrical engineering===
Some common applications of optimization techniques in [[electrical engineering]] include [[active filter]] design,<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=De|first1=Bishnu Prasad|last2=Kar|first2=R.|last3=Mandal|first3=D.|last4=Ghoshal|first4=S.P.|date=2014-09-27|title=Optimal selection of components value for analog active filter design using simplex particle swarm optimization|journal=International Journal of Machine Learning and Cybernetics|volume=6|issue=4|pages=621–636|doi=10.1007/s13042-014-0299-0|s2cid=13071135|issn=1868-8071}}</ref> stray field reduction in superconducting magnetic energy storage systems, [[space mapping]] design of [[microwave]] structures,<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Koziel |first1=Slawomir |last2=Bandler |first2=John W. |title=Space Mapping With Multiple Coarse Models for Optimization of Microwave Components |journal=IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters |date=January 2008 |volume=18 |issue=1 |pages=1–3 |doi=10.1109/LMWC.2007.911969|citeseerx=10.1.1.147.5407 |s2cid=11086218 }}</ref> handset antennas,<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Tu |first1=Sheng |last2=Cheng |first2=Qingsha S. |last3=Zhang |first3=Yifan |last4=Bandler |first4=John W. |last5=Nikolova |first5=Natalia K. |title=Space Mapping Optimization of Handset Antennas Exploiting Thin-Wire Models |journal=IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation |date=July 2013 |volume=61 |issue=7 |pages=3797–3807 |doi=10.1109/TAP.2013.2254695|bibcode=2013ITAP...61.3797T |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>N. Friedrich, [http://mwrf.com/software/space-mapping-outpaces-em-optimization-handset-antenna-design “Space mapping outpaces EM optimization in handset-antenna design,”] microwaves&rf, August 30, 2013.</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Cervantes-González |first1=Juan C. |last2=Rayas-Sánchez |first2=José E. |last3=López |first3=Carlos A. |last4=Camacho-Pérez |first4=José R. |last5=Brito-Brito |first5=Zabdiel |last6=Chávez-Hurtado |first6=José L. |title=Space mapping optimization of handset antennas considering EM effects of mobile phone components and human body |journal=[[International Journal of RF and Microwave Computer-Aided Engineering]] |date=February 2016 |volume=26 |issue=2 |pages=121–128 |doi=10.1002/mmce.20945|s2cid=110195165 |doi-access=free }}</ref> electromagnetics-based design. Electromagnetically validated design optimization of microwave components and antennas has made extensive use of an appropriate physics-based or empirical [[surrogate model]] and [[space mapping]] methodologies since the discovery of [[space mapping]] in 1993.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Bandler |first1=J.W. |last2=Biernacki |first2=R.M. |last3=Chen |first3=Shao Hua |last4=Grobelny |first4=P.A. |last5=Hemmers |first5=R.H. |title=Space mapping technique for electromagnetic optimization |journal=IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques |date=1994 |volume=42 |issue=12 |pages=2536–2544 |doi=10.1109/22.339794|bibcode=1994ITMTT..42.2536B }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Bandler |first1=J.W. |last2=Biernacki |first2=R.M. |author3=Shao Hua Chen |last4=Hemmers |first4=R.H. |last5=Madsen |first5=K. |title=Electromagnetic optimization exploiting aggressive space mapping |journal=IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques |date=1995 |volume=43 |issue=12 |pages=2874–2882 |doi=10.1109/22.475649|bibcode=1995ITMTT..43.2874B }}</ref> Optimization techniques are also used in [[power-flow analysis]].<ref>{{cite conference|title=Convex relaxation of optimal power flow: A tutorial|conference=2013 iREP Symposium on Bulk Power System Dynamics and Control |url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/6629391|doi=10.1109/IREP.2013.6629391}}</ref>