Editing Martin Heidegger (section)

==== The Black Notebooks ====
In 2014, Heidegger's ''[[Black Notebooks]]'' were published although he had written in them between 1931 and the early 1970s. The notebooks contain several examples of [[anti-Semitic]] sentiments, which have led to reevaluation of [[Martin Heidegger and Nazism|Heidegger's relation to Nazism]].{{sfn|Inwood|2014}}{{sfn|Assheuer|2014}} An example of Heidegger using anti-Semitic language he once wrote "world [[Judaism]] is ungraspable everywhere and doesn't need to get involved in military action while continuing to unfurl its influence, whereas we are left to sacrifice the best blood of the best of our people". The term and notion of "world Judaism" was first promoted by the anti-Semitic text [[The Protocols of the Elders of Zion]] and later appeared in Hitler's infamous book ''[[Mein Kampf]]''.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Oltermann |first=Philip |authorlink=Philip Oltermann|date=2014-03-13 |title=Heidegger's 'black notebooks' reveal antisemitism at core of his philosophy |language=en-GB |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/mar/13/martin-heidegger-black-notebooks-reveal-nazi-ideology-antisemitism |access-date=2023-11-07 |issn=0261-3077 |archive-date=30 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231130063910/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/mar/13/martin-heidegger-black-notebooks-reveal-nazi-ideology-antisemitism |url-status=live}}</ref> In another instance Heidegger wrote "by living according to the principle of race [Jews] had themselves promoted the very reasoning by which they were now being attacked and so they had no right to complain when it was being used against them by the Germans promoting their own racial purity".<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Mitchell|first1=Andrew J.|authorlink=Andrew J. Mitchell|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aUUyDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT218&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=Heidegger's Black Notebooks: Responses to Anti-Semitism|last2=Trawny|first2=Peter|authorlink2=Peter Trawny
|date=2017-09-05|publisher=[[Columbia University Press]]|isbn=978-0-231-54438-2 |language=en |access-date=26 November 2023 |archive-date=28 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231128001246/https://books.google.com/books?id=aUUyDwAAQBAJ&dq=by+living+according+to+the+principle+of+race+&#91;the+Jews&#93;+had+themselves+promoted+the+very+reasoning+by+which+they+were+now+being+attacked+and+so+they+had+no+right+to+complain+when+it+was+being+used+against+them+by+the+Germans+promoting+their+own+racial+purity.%E2%80%9D&pg=PT218 |url-status=live }}</ref> However, in the notebooks there are instances of Heidegger writing critically of [[Biological racism]] and biological oppression.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Escudero |first=Jesús Adrián |authorlink=:es:Jesús Adrián Escudero|date=2015 |title=Heidegger's Black Notebooks and the Question of Anti-Semitism |url=https://philpapers.org/rec/ESCHBN |access-date=2023-11-07 |journal=Gatherings: The Heidegger Circle Annual |volume=5 |pages=21–49 |doi=10.5840/gatherings201552 |language=en |archive-date=13 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230513095146/https://philpapers.org/rec/ESCHBN |url-status=live }}</ref>{{sfn|Wheeler|2020}}

A notable entry in the notebooks are his writings about his mentor and former friend Edmund Husserl specifically relating to Husserl Jewish heritage. In 1939, only a year after Husserl's death, Heidegger wrote in his ''[[Black Notebooks]]'':

<blockquote>the occasional increase in the power of Judaism is grounded in the fact that Western metaphysics, especially in
its modern evolution, offered the point of attachment for the expansion of an otherwise empty rationality and calculative capacity, and these thereby created for themselves an abode in the "spirit" without ever being able, on their own, to grasp the concealed decisive domains. The more originary and inceptual the future decisions and questions become, all the more inaccessible will they remain to this 'race.' (Thus Husserl's step to the phenomenological attitude, taken in explicit opposition to psychological explanation and to the historiological calculation of opinions, will be of lasting importance—and yet this attitude never reaches into the domains of the essential decisions[....].){{sfn|Heidegger|2017|pages=67–68}}</blockquote>

This would seem to imply that Heidegger considered Husserl to be philosophically limited by his Jewishness.<ref>[[Donatella Di Cesare|Di Cesare, D. E.]], ''Heidegger and the Jews: The Black Notebooks'' ([[Cambridge]]: [[Polity (publisher)|Polity]], 2018), [https://books.google.com/books?id=kg1rDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT123&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=true pp. 123–125].</ref>{{rp|123–125}}