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==Economy== {{Main|Economy of New York City}} [[File:New_York_Stock_Exchange_August_2017_01.jpg|thumb|The [[New York Stock Exchange]]]] Manhattan is the economic engine of [[New York City]], with its 2.45 million workers drawn from the entire [[New York metropolitan area]] accounting for almost more than half of all jobs in New York City.<ref name=BLS2023Q3>[https://www.bls.gov/news.release/pdf/cewqtr.pdf County Employment And Wages – Second Quarter 2023], [[Bureau of Labor Statistics]], November 21, 2023. Accessed January 12, 2024.</ref> Manhattan's workforce is overwhelmingly focused on [[white-collar worker|white collar]] professions. In 2010, Manhattan's daytime population was swelling to 3.94 million, with [[commuter]]s adding a net 1.48 million people to the population, along with visitors, tourists, and commuting students. The commuter influx of 1.61 million workers coming into Manhattan was the largest of any county or city in the country.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Dynamic Population of Manhattan|url=http://wagner.nyu.edu/rudincenter/publications/dynamic_pop_manhattan.pdf|access-date=March 2, 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120425062156/http://wagner.nyu.edu/rudincenter/publications/dynamic_pop_manhattan.pdf|archive-date=April 25, 2012}}</ref> Anchored by Manhattan's financial institutions, New York City has been described as the [[financial centre|financial capital]] of the world.<ref name="NYCFinancialAndFintechCapitalWorld">{{cite web |url=https://www.zyen.com/publications/public-reports/the-global-financial-centres-index-37/ |title=GFCI 37 Rank |date=March 24, 2025 |publisher=Long Finance |access-date=March 24, 2025 }}</ref> ===Financial sector=== {{Main|Wall Street}} [[File:Lower Manhattan viewed from Brooklyn.jpg|thumb|The [[Financial District, Manhattan|Financial District]] of [[Lower Manhattan]], seen from [[Brooklyn]]]] Manhattan's most important economic sector lies in its role as the headquarters for the [[financial center|U.S. financial industry]], metonymously known as Wall Street. Manhattan is home to the [[New York Stock Exchange]] (NYSE), at [[New York Stock Exchange Building|11 Wall Street]] in Lower Manhattan, and the [[Nasdaq]], now located at [[4 Times Square]] in Midtown Manhattan, representing the world's largest and second-largest [[stock exchange]]s, respectively, when measured both by overall share trading value and by total [[market capitalization]] of their listed companies in 2023.<ref name="LargestExchanges" /> The [[NYSE American]] (formerly the American Stock Exchange, AMEX), [[New York Board of Trade]], and the [[New York Mercantile Exchange]] (NYMEX) are also located downtown. ===Corporate sector=== New York City is home to the most corporate headquarters of any city in the United States, the overwhelming majority based in Manhattan.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20060923033422/http://www.empire.state.ny.us/press/press_display.asp?id=575 Fortune Magazine: New York State and City Home to Most Fortune 500 Companies], [[Empire State Development Corporation]], press release dated April 8, 2005. Accessed April 26, 2007. "New York City is also still home to more Fortune 500 headquarters than any other city in the country."</ref> Manhattan had more than {{Convert|520|e6sqft|e6m2|abbr=off|sp=us}} of office space in 2022,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.colliers.com/download-article?itemId=739adbfd-3200-4c4c-9e57-c5c4756b263e|title=Q4 2022 U.S. Office Market Outlook|publisher=Colliers International|date=February 21, 2023|access-date=March 5, 2023}}</ref> making it the largest office market in the United States; while [[Midtown Manhattan]], with more than {{Convert|400|e6sqft|e6m2|abbr=off|sp=us}} is the largest [[central business district]] in the world.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cushwake.com/cwmbs2q11/PDF/off_us_cbd_2q11.pdf |title=Marketbeat United States CBD Office Report 2Q11 |publisher=Cushman & Wakefield, Inc |access-date=July 20, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130508231043/http://www.cushwake.com/cwmbs2q11/PDF/off_us_cbd_2q11.pdf |archive-date=May 8, 2013}}</ref> [[Lower Manhattan]] is the third-largest U.S. central business district (following the [[Chicago Loop]]).<ref>[http://www.fta.dot.gov/about/13119.html Lower Manhattan Recovery Office] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140618212646/https://www.fta.dot.gov/about/13119.html |date=June 18, 2014 }}, [[Federal Transit Administration]]. Accessed June 23, 2014. "Lower Manhattan is the third largest business district in the nation. Prior to September 11th more than 385,000 people were employed there and 85% of those employees used public transportation to commute to work."</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.regus.com/locations/business-centre/illinois-chicago-west-randolph-ogilvie |title=Illinois Chicago West Randolph Ogilvie Business Center |publisher=Regus |access-date=October 16, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141020121208/http://www.regus.com/locations/business-centre/illinois-chicago-west-randolph-ogilvie |archive-date=October 20, 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref> New York City's role as the top global center for the [[advertising|advertising industry]] is [[Metonymy|metonymously]] known as [[Madison Avenue#Advertising industry|"Madison Avenue"]].<ref>[https://www.aaaa.org/madison-avenue-place-or-mindset/ "Defining Moments in Agency History - Madison Avenue: Place or Mindset?"], [[American Association of Advertising Agencies]], September 19, 2017. Accessed December 26, 2023. "The phrase 'Madison Avenue' has long been synonymous with the advertising agency business, but what is that based on? Were most agencies concentrated on that single street at one point, or is this a misnomer?... According to Roland Marchand's book, Advertising the American Dream, the phrase 'Madison Avenue' was first used to denote advertising around 1923, and by the late 1920s, it was both a prevalent and geographically accurate term."</ref> ===Tech and biotech=== {{Further|Tech companies in Manhattan|Biotech companies in Manhattan|Silicon Alley|Tech:NYC}} [[File:Flatiron_Building,_Manhattan,_New_York,_USA.jpg|thumb|upright|The [[Flatiron District]], the birthplace and center of [[Silicon Alley]]<ref>{{Cite news |last=Lohr |first=Steve |date=February 22, 2019 |title=It Started With a Jolt: How New York Became a Tech Town |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/22/technology/nyc-tech-startups.html|access-date=August 1, 2021|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>]] Manhattan has driven New York's status as a top-tier global high technology hub.<ref name=ManhattanNowBiggestTechHub>{{cite news |url=https://www.crainsnewyork.com/technology/manhattan-edges-out-san-francisco-new-early-stage-startups-first-time|title=For the first time, Manhattan edges out San Francisco in new early-stage startups|author-first1=Cara |author-last1=Eisenpress|newspaper=[[Crain Communications]]|date=May 22, 2023|access-date=October 13, 2023}}</ref><ref name=NewYorkCityDestinationNumberOneTechHub>{{cite news|url=https://www.crainsnewyork.com/technology/new-york-closer-ever-beating-bay-area-tech|title=New York is closer than ever to beating the Bay Area on tech|first=Cara|last=Eisenpress|newspaper=[[Crain Communications]]|date=April 28, 2023|access-date=June 19, 2023}}</ref> [[Silicon Alley]], once a [[metonymy|metonym]] for the sphere encompassing the metropolitan region's [[high tech]] industries,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.businessinsider.com/silicon-alley-100-2013-2013-10?op=1 |title=SA 100 2013: The Coolest People In New York Tech |first1=Megan Rose |last1=Dickey |first2=Jillian |last2=D'Onfro |website=[[Business Insider]] |date=October 24, 2013 |access-date=July 30, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140722170340/http://www.businessinsider.com/silicon-alley-100-2013-2013-10?op=1 |archive-date=July 22, 2014 |url-status = live }}</ref> is no longer a relevant moniker as the city's tech environment has expanded dramatically both in location and in its scope. New York City's current tech sphere encompasses a universal array of applications involving [[artificial intelligence]], the [[internet]], [[new media]], [[financial technology]] (''fintech'') and [[cryptocurrency]], [[biotechnology]], [[game design]], and other fields within [[information technology]] that are supported by its [[entrepreneurship ecosystem]] and [[venture capital]] investments. {{As of|2014}}, New York City hosted 300,000 employees in the tech sector.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/services/5-signs-nyc-tech-scene-growing-article-1.2070180 |title=5 signs NYC's tech scene is growing up – NYC tech sector hits 300,000|author=((S3 Partners))|newspaper=New York Daily News |date=January 8, 2015 |access-date=May 2, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180627013352/http://www.nydailynews.com/services/5-signs-nyc-tech-scene-growing-article-1.2070180|archive-date=June 27, 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="CNNMoney">{{cite web |url=https://money.cnn.com/gallery/technology/2014/10/07/most-innovative-cities/index.html |title=The most innovative cities in America |author1=Jillian Eugenios, Steve Hargreaves|author2=Aimee Rawlins|name-list-style=amp|publisher=CNNMoney|date=October 7, 2014|access-date=October 7, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141010033637/http://money.cnn.com/gallery/technology/2014/10/07/most-innovative-cities/index.html |archive-date=October 10, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2015, Silicon Alley generated over US$7.3 billion in venture capital investment,<ref name=VentureCapitalNY1>{{cite web|url=http://nvca.org/research/venture-investment/|title=Venture Investment – Regional Aggregate Data|publisher=National Venture Capital Association and PricewaterhouseCoopers|access-date=April 22, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160408104240/http://nvca.org/research/venture-investment/|archive-date=April 8, 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> most based in Manhattan, as well as in [[Brooklyn]], [[Queens]], and elsewhere in the region. High technology [[startup companies]] and employment are growing in Manhattan and across New York City, bolstered by the city's emergence as a global node of [[innovation|creativity]] and [[entrepreneurship]],<ref name="VentureCapitalNY1"/> [[social tolerance]],<ref name=SocialToleranceNY1>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/politics/first-draft/2016/03/23/ted-cruz-deplores-liberal-left-wing-values-while-lobbying-for-new-york-votes/ |title=Ted Cruz Deplores 'Liberal, Left-Wing Values' While Lobbying for New York Votes|author-first1=Matt |author-last1=Flegenheimer|newspaper=The New York Times |date=March 23, 2016|access-date=April 22, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160413234204/http://www.nytimes.com/politics/first-draft/2016/03/23/ted-cruz-deplores-liberal-left-wing-values-while-lobbying-for-new-york-votes/|archive-date=April 13, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> and [[sustainability|environmental sustainability]],<ref name=EnvironmentalSustainabilityNY1>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2016/04/22/world/ap-un-united-nations-climate-agreement-the-latest.html |title=The Latest: China Hopes US Joins Climate Deal Quickly|agency=Associated Press|newspaper=The New York Times|date=April 22, 2016|access-date=April 22, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160503001211/http://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2016/04/22/world/ap-un-united-nations-climate-agreement-the-latest.html |archive-date=May 3, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=EnvironmentalSustainabilityNY2>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/09/22/nyregion/new-york-city-climate-change-march.html|title=Taking a Call for Climate Change to the Streets |author-first1=Lisa W. |author-last1=Foderaro|url-access=limited|newspaper=The New York Times|date=September 21, 2014|access-date=April 22, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150526231559/http://www.nytimes.com/2014/09/22/nyregion/new-york-city-climate-change-march.html|archive-date=May 26, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> as well as New York's position as the leading Internet hub and telecommunications center in North America, including its vicinity to several [[transatlantic telephone cable|transatlantic fiber optic trunk lines]], the city's [[intellectual capital]], and its extensive outdoor [[wireless network|wireless connectivity]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.amny.com/news/city-opens-nation-s-biggest-continuous-wi-fi-zone-in-harlem-1.6582180|title=City opens nation's largest continuous Wi-Fi zone in Harlem|author-first1=Ivan |author-last1=Pereira |website=amNewYork|publisher=Newsday|date=December 10, 2013|access-date=July 29, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140812125242/http://www.amny.com/news/city-opens-nation-s-biggest-continuous-wi-fi-zone-in-harlem-1.6582180 |archive-date=August 12, 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Verizon Communications]], headquartered at [[Barclay-Vesey Building|140 West Street]] in Lower Manhattan, was at the final stages in 2014 of completing a US$3 billion [[fiberoptic communication|fiberoptic telecommunications]] upgrade throughout New York City.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://arstechnica.com/business/2014/06/verizon-will-miss-deadline-to-wire-all-of-new-york-city-with-fios/|title=Verizon will miss deadline to wire all of New York City with FiOS|author=Jon Brodkin|publisher=Condé Nast|date=June 9, 2014|access-date=July 30, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140810033248/http://arstechnica.com/business/2014/06/verizon-will-miss-deadline-to-wire-all-of-new-york-city-with-fios/|archive-date=August 10, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[biotechnology]] sector is also growing in Manhattan based upon the city's strength in academic scientific [[research]] and public and commercial financial support. By mid-2014, Accelerator, a biotech [[investment]] firm, had raised more than US$30 million from [[investor]]s, including [[Eli Lilly and Company]], [[Pfizer]], and [[Johnson & Johnson]], for initial funding to create biotechnology startups at the Alexandria Center for Life Science, which encompasses more than {{convert|700000|sqft|m2}} on [[29th Street (Manhattan)|East 29th Street]] and promotes collaboration among scientists and [[entrepreneur]]s at the center and with nearby academic, medical, and research institutions. The [[New York City Economic Development Corporation]]'s Early Stage Life Sciences Funding Initiative and venture capital partners, including [[Celgene]], [[General Electric]] Ventures, and Eli Lilly, committed a minimum of US$100 million to help launch 15 to 20 ventures in [[life sciences]] and biotechnology.<ref>{{cite news|last=Morris|first=Keiko|url=https://online.wsj.com/articles/wanted-biotech-startups-in-new-york-city-1406603189|title=Wanted: Biotech Startups in New York City: The Alexandria Center for Life Science Looks to Expand|newspaper=The Wall Street Journal|date=July 28, 2014|access-date=July 31, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140801082713/http://online.wsj.com/articles/wanted-biotech-startups-in-new-york-city-1406603189|archive-date=August 1, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2011, Mayor [[Michael R. Bloomberg]] had announced his choice of [[Cornell University]] and [[Technion-Israel Institute of Technology]] to build a US$2 billion graduate school of [[applied science]]s on [[Roosevelt Island]], Manhattan, with the goal of transforming New York City into the world's premier technology capital.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/12/20/nyregion/cornell-and-technion-israel-chosen-to-build-science-school-in-new-york-city.html |author=RICHARD PÉREZ-PEÑA|title=Cornell Alumnus Is Behind $350 Million Gift to Build Science School in City|work=The New York Times|date=December 19, 2011 |access-date=July 30, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141219031933/http://www.nytimes.com/2011/12/20/nyregion/cornell-and-technion-israel-chosen-to-build-science-school-in-new-york-city.html |archive-date=December 19, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.news.cornell.edu/stories/2011/12/nyc-chooses-cornell-technion-build-tech-campus|title='Game-changing' Tech Campus Goes to Cornell, Technion|first=Anne|last=Ju|publisher=Cornell University|date=December 19, 2011|access-date=July 30, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150901224947/http://www.news.cornell.edu/stories/2011/12/nyc-chooses-cornell-technion-build-tech-campus |archive-date=September 1, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>{{update inline|date=August 2023}} ===Tourism=== {{main|Tourism in New York City}} [[File:Times Square New Year's Eve 2023 Numbers Ball drop (52579744724).jpg|thumb|[[Times Square]] is the hub of [[Broadway theater|Broadway]]'s [[Theater District, Manhattan|theater district]] and a major Manhattan cultural venue with 50 million tourists annually, making it one of the world's most popular tourist destinations.<ref name="Ann Shields"/>]] Tourism is vital to Manhattan's economy, and the landmarks of Manhattan are the focus of New York City's tourists, with a record 66.6 million visiting the city in 2019, bringing in $47.4 billion in tourism revenue. Visitor numbers dropped by two-thirds in 2020 during the [[COVID-19 pandemic]], climbing back to 63.3 million visitors in 2023.<ref>[https://www.osc.ny.gov/reports/osdc/tourism-industry-new-york-city ''The Tourism Industry in New York City Reigniting the Return''], [[New York State Comptroller]] [[Thomas DiNapoli]], April 2021. Accessed January 1, 2024. "After reaching a record high of 66.6 million visitors in 2019 and generating $47.4 billion in spending, the number of visitors to New York City dropped by 67 percent and their spending declined by 73 percent in 2020.... New York City hosted 66.6 million visitors in 2019 (about 25 percent of the State's 265.5 million visitors that year), a tenth-consecutive annual record. In 2020, the pandemic and related behavioral and governmental restrictions caused the number to drop to 22.3 million, a 67 percent reduction (see Figure 1)."</ref><ref>David, Greg. [https://www.thecity.nyc/2023/09/05/tourists-china-hotel-rates/ "Tourists Are Back to NYC in Big Numbers"], [[The City (website)|The City]], September 5, 2023. Accessed January 1, 2024. "But the city will not surpass its 2019 record of 66.6 million visitors because once-numerous travelers from China remain few and far between and Americans are flocking to Europe in unprecedented numbers.... Still, the numbers show a rebound with the official forecast from the tourism agency NYC & Co. still predicting 63.3 million visitors this year, up 12% from last year."</ref> According to [[The Broadway League]], shows on [[Broadway theatre|Broadway]] sold approximately US$1.54 billion worth of tickets in the 2022–2023 and the 2023–2024 seasons with attendance of approximately 12.3 million each.<ref name=BroadwayLeagueStatistics>{{cite web|url=https://www.broadwayleague.com/research/statistics-broadway-nyc/|title=Broadway Season Statistics|publisher=The Broadway League|access-date=August 3, 2024}}</ref> ===Real estate=== [[Real estate]] is a major force driving Manhattan's economy. Manhattan has perennially been home to some of the world's most valuable real estate, including the [[Time Warner Center]], which had the highest-listed market value in the city in 2006 at US$1.1 billion,<ref>{{cite news |last=McTiernan |first=Andy |url=http://www.thefreelibrary.com/A+quantum+leap+for+capital+assets.-a0223752080 |title=A quantum leap for capital assets |publisher=The Free Library By Farlex |date=2008 |access-date=October 16, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150904044103/http://www.thefreelibrary.com/A+quantum+leap+for+capital+assets.-a0223752080 |archive-date=September 4, 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref> to be subsequently surpassed in October 2014 by the [[Waldorf Astoria New York]], which became the most expensive hotel ever sold after being purchased by the [[Anbang Insurance Group]], based in China, for {{US$|1.95 billion}}.<ref name="Robert Frank">{{cite web|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2014/10/06/waldorf-becomes-most-expensive-hotel-ever-sold-195-billion.html|title=Waldorf becomes most expensive hotel ever sold: $1.95 billion |author=Robert Frank|publisher=CNBC|date=October 6, 2014|access-date=October 9, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141009072204/https://www.cnbc.com/id/102062617#.|archive-date=October 9, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> When 450 Park Avenue was sold on July 2, 2007, for US$510 million, about US$1,589 per square foot (US$17,104/m²), it broke the barely month-old record for an American office building of US$1,476 per square foot (US$15,887/m²) based on the sale of 660 [[Madison Avenue]].<ref>Quirk, James. {{cite web|url=http://www.northjersey.com/page.php?qstr=eXJpcnk3ZjczN2Y3dnFlZUVFeXk4NDImZmdiZWw3Zjd2cWVlRUV5eTcxNjI5NzEmeXJpcnk3ZjcxN2Y3dnFlZUVFeXkyMg== |title=Bergen offices have plenty of space |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071222235142/http://www.northjersey.com/page.php?qstr=eXJpcnk3ZjczN2Y3dnFlZUVFeXk4NDImZmdiZWw3Zjd2cWVlRUV5eTcxNjI5NzEmeXJpcnk3ZjcxN2Y3dnFlZUVFeXkyMg%3D%3D |archive-date=December 22, 2007 |url-status=dead }}, ''[[The Record (Bergen County)]]'', July 5, 2007. Accessed July 5, 2007.</ref> In 2014, Manhattan was home to six of the top ten [[zip code]]s in the United States by median housing price.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/erincarlyle/2014/10/08/new-york-dominates-2014-list-of-americas-most-expensive-zip-codes/|title=New York Dominates 2014 List of America's Most Expensive ZIP Codes|author=Erin Carlyle|magazine=Forbes|date=October 8, 2014|access-date=October 9, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141012002319/http://www.forbes.com/sites/erincarlyle/2014/10/08/new-york-dominates-2014-list-of-americas-most-expensive-zip-codes/|archive-date=October 12, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2019, the most expensive home sale ever in the United States occurred in Manhattan, at a selling price of US$238 million, for a {{convert|24,000|ft2|m2|adj=on}} [[penthouse apartment]] overlooking [[Central Park]],<ref>[https://www.bloomberg.com/news/videos/2019-01-29/hedge-fund-billionaire-ken-griffin-buys-america-s-most-expensive-home-video "Hedge Fund Billionaire Ken Griffin Buys America's Most Expensive Home"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219202107/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/videos/2019-01-29/hedge-fund-billionaire-ken-griffin-buys-america-s-most-expensive-home-video|date=December 19, 2019}}, ''[[Forbes]]'', January 29, 2019. Accessed February 16, 2019.</ref> while [[Central Park Tower]], topped out at {{convert|1550|ft|0}} in 2019, is the [[list of tallest residential buildings|world's tallest residential building]], followed globally in height by [[111 West 57th Street]] and [[432 Park Avenue]], both also located in Midtown Manhattan. ===Media=== {{main|Media in New York City|New Yorkers in journalism}} {{see also|List of films set in New York City|List of television shows set in New York City}} Manhattan has been described as the [[Media in New York City|media]] capital of the world.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.statista.com/chart/3299/new-york-is-the-worlds-media-capital/ |title=New York Is The World's Media Capital |author=Felix Richter |publisher=Statista |date=March 11, 2015 |access-date=December 21, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.lgbtqnation.com/2017/05/first-nyc-pridefest-will-televised/ |title=ABC will broadcast New York's pride parade live for the first time |author=Dawn Ennis |publisher=LGBTQ Nation |date=May 24, 2017 |access-date=September 22, 2018|quote=Never before has any TV station in the entertainment and news media capital of the world carried what organizer boast is the world's largest Pride parade live on TV.}}</ref> A significant array of media outlets and their journalists report about international, American, [[business journalism|business]], [[entertainment journalism|entertainment]], and [[New York metropolitan area]]–related matters from Manhattan. [[File:New York Times Building - Bottom Portion (48193462432).jpg|thumb|The headquarters of ''[[The New York Times]]'' at 620 [[Eighth Avenue (Manhattan)|Eighth Avenue]]]] Manhattan is served by the major New York City daily [[newspaper|news publications]], including ''[[The New York Times]]'', which has won the most [[Pulitzer Prize]]s for journalism<ref>[[David Folkenflik|Folkenflik, David.]] [https://www.npr.org/2022/05/08/1097097620/new-york-times-pulitzer-ukraine-walter-duranty "''The New York Times'' can't shake the cloud over a 90-year-old Pulitzer Prize"], [[NPR]], May 8, 2022. Accessed January 13, 2024. "''The New York Times'' is looking to add to its list of 132 Pulitzer Prizes — by far the most of any news organization — when the 2022 recipients for journalism are announced on Monday."</ref> and is considered the U.S. media's [[newspaper of record]];<ref>[https://ropercenter.cornell.edu/new-york-times The New York Times], [[Roper Center for Public Opinion Research]]. Accessed January 13, 2024. "Nicknamed The Gray Lady, The Times is long regarded within the industry as a national 'newspaper of record'."</ref> the ''[[New York Daily News]]''; and the ''[[New York Post]]'', which are all headquartered in the borough. The nation's largest newspaper by circulation, ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'', is also based in Manhattan.<ref>Majid, Aisha. [https://pressgazette.co.uk/media-audience-and-business-data/media_metrics/top-25-us-newspaper-circulations-down-march-2023/ "Top 25 US newspaper circulations: Largest print titles fall 14% in year to March 2023"], ''[[Press Gazette]]'', June 26, 2023. Accessed January 13, 2024. "News Corp's business-focused ''The Wall Street Journal'' (609,654) and ''The New York Times'' (296,329) remain the biggest dailies in the US."'</ref> Other daily newspapers include ''[[AM New York]]'' and ''[[The Villager (Manhattan)|The Villager]]''. ''[[The New York Amsterdam News]]'', based in Harlem, is one of the leading Black-owned weekly newspapers in the United States. ''[[The Village Voice]]'', historically the largest [[alternative newspaper]] in the United States, announced in 2017 that it would cease publication of its print edition and convert to a fully digital venture.<ref name=VillageVoiceDigital>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/22/nyregion/village-voice-to-end-print-publication.html |title=After 62 Years and Many Battles, Village Voice Will End Print Publication|author=[[John Leland (journalist)|John Leland]] and Sarah Maslin Nir|newspaper=The New York Times|date=August 22, 2017|access-date=September 2, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170823215238/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/22/nyregion/village-voice-to-end-print-publication.html |archive-date=August 23, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> The television industry developed in Manhattan and is a significant employer in the borough's economy. The four major American broadcast networks, [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]], [[CBS]], [[NBC]], and [[Fox Broadcasting Company|Fox]],<ref>[https://www.nyctvweek.com/2023/history "History of Television in NYC"], NYC TV Week. Accessed January 2, 2024. "The four major American broadcast networks, ABC, CBS, NBC and Fox, are all headquartered in New York City. New York is often thought of as the media capital of the world, due to its presence in numerous television shows and movies, and that it is the home of the four major American broadcast networks: ABC, CBS, NBC and Fox."</ref> as well as [[Univision]], are all headquartered in Manhattan, as are many cable channels, including [[CNN]], [[MSNBC]], [[MTV]], [[Fox News]], [[HBO]], and [[Comedy Central]]. In 1971, [[WLIB]] became New York City's first Black-owned radio station<ref>{{cite news |last=Krebs|first=Albin|date=June 27, 1972|title=Ownership of WLIB Is Passing Into Blacks' Hands |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1972/06/27/archives/ownership-of-wlib-is-passing-into-blacks-hands.html|work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=September 12, 2023}}</ref> and began broadcasts geared toward the African-American community in 1949.<ref>Smothers, Ronald. [https://www.nytimes.com/1987/07/03/nyregion/station-offers-perspective-of-black-new-yorkers.html "Station Offers Perspective Of Black New Yorkers"], ''[[The New York Times]]'', July 3, 1987. Accessed January 2, 2024. "From sunrise to sunset each day, WLIB-AM, a radio station oriented to the concerns of a large segment of New York's black community, becomes what David Lampel likes to call 'a crucible of black opinion' as listeners call in to address issues in the news and questions posed by hosts and guests.... Inner City Broadcasting bought the station in 1973 for $1.7 million. At the time, said Percy E. Sutton, the former Manhattan Borough President who is chairman of the company, the station had been broadcasting rhythm and blues, gospel and news to a mostly black audience since 1949."</ref> [[WQHT]], also known as ''Hot 97'', claims to be the premier hip-hop station in the United States.<ref>Coscarelli, Joe. [https://www.nytimes.com/2015/02/14/arts/music/hot-97-a-hip-hop-pioneer-on-radio-reaches-a-crossroads.html "For Hip-Hop Radio and Its Voices, Change Is on the Air"], ''[[The New York Times]]'', February 13, 2015. Accessed January 2, 2024. "But with the loss of so much institutional memory, including D.J.s and hosts who had witnessed the birth of hip-hop, the station risks slipping from its perch as the nation's premier regional and hard-boiled rap outlet, current and former employees said in interviews."</ref> [[WNYC]], broadcasting on both an AM and FM signal, has the largest [[public radio]] audience in the nation and is the most-listened to commercial or non-commercial radio station in Manhattan.<ref>[http://www.wnyc.org/about/bio_pres.html President's Bio] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080618135110/http://www.wnyc.org/about/bio_pres.html |date=June 18, 2008 }}, [[WNYC]]. Accessed May 1, 2007. "Heard by over 1.2 million listeners each week, WNYC radio is the largest public radio station in the country and is dedicated to producing broadcasting that extends New York City's cultural riches to public radio stations nationwide." {{cite web |url=http://www.wnyc.org/about/bio_pres.html |title=WNYC - About WNYC |access-date=December 13, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030926034616/http://www.wnyc.org/about/bio_pres.html |archive-date=September 26, 2003 }}</ref> [[WBAI]], owned by the non-profit [[Pacifica Foundation]], broadcasts eclectic music, as well as political news, talk and opinion from a [[Left-wing politics|left-leaning]] viewpoint.<ref>Levy, Nicole. [https://www.politico.com/media/story/2014/02/the-crisis-at-wbai-001715/ "The crisis at WBAI"], [[Politico]], February 12, 2014. Accessed January 2, 2024. "It's no secret that WBAI — the wholly listener-supported, left-leaning station at 99.5 FM — and its owner, the nonprofit Pacifica Foundation, have long been strapped for cash."</ref> The oldest [[public-access television]] cable TV channel in the United States is the [[Manhattan Neighborhood Network]], founded in 1971, offers eclectic local programming that ranges from a [[jazz]] hour to discussions of labor issues to foreign language and religious programming.<ref>[http://www.mnn.org/en/community-celebrates-public-access-tvs-35th-annive Community Celebrates Public Access TV's 35th Anniversary] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100825122105/http://www.mnn.org/en/community-celebrates-public-access-tvs-35th-annive |date=August 25, 2010 }}, [[Manhattan Neighborhood Network]] press release dated August 6, 2006. Accessed April 28, 2007. "Public access TV was created in the 1970s to allow ordinary members of the public to make and air their own TV shows—and thereby exercise their free speech. It was first launched in the U.S. in Manhattan July 1, 1971, on the Teleprompter and Sterling Cable systems, now Time Warner Cable." {{cite web |url=http://www.mnn.org/en/community-celebrates-public-access-tvs-35th-annive |title=Community Celebrates Public Access TV's 35th Anniversary |website=Manhattan Neighborhood Network |access-date=October 28, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110728051623/http://www.mnn.org/en/community-celebrates-public-access-tvs-35th-annive |archive-date=July 28, 2011 }}</ref> [[NY1]], [[Charter Communications]]'s local news channel, is known for its beat coverage of City Hall and state politics.<ref>Moscatello, Caitlin. [https://nymag.com/intelligencer/article/ny1-news-lawsuit.html "Nobody Wraps Pat Kiernan The petty, vindictive, backbiting, lawsuit-laden, career-ruining infighting at everyone's favorite local NY1 news station."], ''[[New York (magazine)|New York]]'', June 20, 2021. Accessed February 2, 2024. "It was hard to blame Charter for trying something new. NY1 is a beacon in local news, but it is still local news, accessed via a cable network — a dying industry within a dying industry."</ref>
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