Editing List of monarchs of Iran (section)

==== Khwarazmian Empire (1097–1220/1221) ====
{{See also|Khwarazmian Empire|Anushtegin dynasty|Khwarazmshah}}
[[File:Khwarazmian dynasty (greatest extent).svg|thumb|The [[Khwarazmian Empire]] under [[Muhammad II of Khwarazm|Muhammad II]]|190px]]
The Seljuk Empire fractured after the death of Ahmad Sanjar in 1157 and its vassals became effectively independent.{{sfn|El-Azhari|2019|p=311}} One of these vassals was the [[Anushtegin dynasty]], which ruled the [[Khwarazm]] region. The ruling dynasty were descendants of [[Anushtegin Gharchai]], a former Turkic slave of the Seljuq sultans.{{Sfn|Bosworth|1986}} In 1194, the Khwarazmian ruler [[Ala al-Din Tekish|Tekish]] conquered western Iran and Iraq from the remnants of the Seljuk Empire.{{Sfn|Ross|1977|p=307}}

The Khwarazmian rulers used the ancient title [[Khwarazmshah|''xwârazmšāh'']], traditionally held by Iranian rulers of Khwarazm.{{Sfn|Bosworth|2009}} [[Konye-Urgench|Urganj]] was the Khwarazmian capital.{{Sfn|Bosworth|2009}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:80%;"
! width="7%" |Portrait
! width="27%" |Name
! width="32%" |Reign
! width="34%" |Succession
|-
|
|[[Muhammad I of Khwarazm|Muhammad I]]
|1096/1097 – 1127/1128{{Sfn|Ross|1977|p=307}}<br /><small>(31 years)</small>
|Seljuk vassal in Khwarazm{{Sfn|Ross|1977|p=307}}
|-
|[[File:Coin of the Khwarazmshah Atsiz, citing his suzerain Ahmad Sanjar.jpg|65px]]
|[[Atsiz]]
|1127/1128 – 30 July 1156{{Sfn|Ross|1977|p=307}}<br /><small>(28–29 years)</small>
|Son of Muhammad I. Seljuk vassal.{{Sfn|Ross|1977|p=307}}
|-
|[[File:Il-Arslan (portrait).jpg|65px]]
|[[Il-Arslan]]
|22 August 1156 – March 1172{{Sfn|Ross|1977|p=307}}<br /><small>(15 years and 7 months)</small>
|Son of Atsiz{{Sfn|Ross|1977|p=307}}
|-
|{{Centre|—}}
|[[Sultan Shah of Khwarezm|Sultan Shah]]
|1172 – 11 December 1172{{Sfn|Ross|1977|p=307}}<br /><small>(less than a year)</small>
|Son of Il-Arslan.{{Sfn|Ross|1977|p=307}} Deposed by Tekish, who he continued to oppose as a rival claimant until 1193.{{Sfn|Ross|1977|p=307}}
|-
|{{Centre|—}}
|[[Ala al-Din Tekish|Tekish]]
|11 December 1172 – 3 July 1200{{Sfn|Ross|1977|p=307}}<br /><small>({{Age in years, months and days|1172|12|11|1200|7|3}})</small>
|Son of Il-Arslan.{{Sfn|Ross|1977|p=307}} Conquered western Iran and Iraq from the remnants of the Seljuk Empire in 1194.{{Sfn|Ross|1977|p=307}}
|-
|[[File:Muhammad II portrait in a 1430 manuscript of the Jami' al-tawarikh by Rashid-al-Din Hamadani.jpg|65px]]
|[[Muhammad II of Khwarazm|Muhammad II]]
|3 August 1200 – 1220/1221{{Sfn|Ross|1977|p=307}}<br /><small>(20–21 years)</small>
|Son of Tekish{{Sfn|Ross|1977|p=307}}
|}
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align:center; width:80%;"
|+ Later pretenders (1220/1221–1231)
|-
! width="7%" |Portrait
! width="27%" |Name
! width="32%" |Tenure
! width="34%" |Succession
|-
|[[File:Khwarizm Shahs. Jalal al-Din Mangubarni. AH 617-628 AD 1220-1231. AR Double Dirhem (20mm, 5.90 g, 1h). Qal 'a Nay mint.jpg|65px]]
|[[Jalal al-Din Mangburni|Mangburni]]
|1220/1221 – August 1231{{Sfn|Ross|1977|p=307}}<br /><small>(10–11 years)</small>
|Son of Muhammad II.{{Sfn|Ross|1977|p=307}} Fled to India for three years (1221–1224) after the Mongol conquest of the Khwarazmian Empire and was then involved in various wars in western Iran.{{Sfn|Bosworth|2009}}
|}