Editing Lilium (section)

===Japanese cuisine===
[[File:Yurine donburi.JPG|thumb|Loose scales of lily bulb in a [[donburi]] bowl dish]]
The lily bulb or ''yuri-ne'' is sometimes used in Japanese cuisine.{{efn|"not a common food" ({{interlanguage link|Shizuo Tsuji|ja|辻静雄}}).}}<ref name=tsuji/> It may be most familiar in the present day as an occasional {{nihongo|ingredient|具|gu}} in the [[chawanmushi|chawan-mushi]] (savoury egg custard),<ref name=takekawa&iizuka/> where a few loosened scales of this optional ingredient are found embedded in the "hot pudding" of each serving.<ref name=nipponia/>{{sfnp|Tsuji|2007|pp=214–215}} It could also be used as an ingredient in a clear soup or {{interlanguage link|suimono{{!}}''suimono''|ja|吸物}}.<ref name=kingsbury/><ref name=kawakami/>

The boiled bulb may also be [[sieve|strained]]{{efn|The term {{interlanguage link|uragoshi|ja|裏ごし}} "straining" orthodoxically means using the  "uragoshi-ki", traditionally a sieve with a fine mesh of horse-hair instead of metal wire.}} into [[purée]] for use, as in the sweetened ''kinton'',{{sfnp|Tsuji|2007|pp=74; 460–461}}<ref name=nihon-shokuhin-jiten/> or ''chakin-shibori''.<ref name=nihon-shokuhin-jiten/><ref name=kosaki&wagner/>{{Refn|group="lower-alpha"|These could refer to essentially the same thing, except for slight difference in texture and appearance. The ''yuri-kinton'' has been described as "ogura an (sweet [[adzuki bean]] paste) core surrounded with stipples (''soboro'') of strained lily bulb and white adzuki (''shiroazuki'' or ''shiroshōzu'').<ref name=moriyasu/> A recipe for lily bulb dumplings or ''chakin-shibori'' calls for wrapping adzuki bean paste with lily bulb mashed into [[purée]], then wrapping it in a cloth and wringing the dumpling into a ball shape.<ref name=kosaki&wagner/>}}

====Yokan====
There is also the ''yuri-[[yōkan]]'', one recipe of which calls for combining measures of yuri starch with [[agar]] dissolved in water and sugar.<ref>{{harvp|Shin shikunshi|1901}}, [https://dl.ndl.go.jp/info:ndljp/pid/840167/73 pp. 133–135] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200210013631/https://dl.ndl.go.jp/info:ndljp/pid/840167/73 |date=2020-02-10 }}; also excerpted in {{harvp|NSJ|1908}}. [https://books.google.com/books?id=30g4AQAAMAAJ&pg=PP2116 p. 2082b] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200901204944/https://books.google.com/books?id=30g4AQAAMAAJ&pg=PP2116 |date=2020-09-01 }}</ref> This was a specialty of [[Hamada, Shimane]],{{Refn|Allegedly the Hamada city version was 90% adulterated with white [Phaseolus vulgaris|bean] cultivar of called {{nihongo|Tebō|手亡}} (270 grams), to only 10% (30 grams) ground lily powder.<ref name=NDHZ-yuri/><ref name=moriyasu/> Elsewhere it is stated that ground lily dried powder {{nihongo|''kanko''|乾粉}} is far superior in quality to adzuki bean powder.{{sfnp|Shin shikunshi|1901|p=135}}}} and the shop {{nihongo|Kaisei-dō|開盛堂|}} established in 1885 became famous for it.<ref name=NDHZ-yuri/>{{sfnp|Moriyasu|1971|pp=34–35}} Because a certain Viscount Jimyōin wrote a [[Waka (poetry)|waka]] poem about the confection which mentioned ''hime-yuri'' "princess lily",{{efn|{{interlanguage link|Jimyōin Motoaki|ja|持明院基哲}} b. 1865 was a viscount and poet. So was his son Motonori.}} one source stated that the ''hime-yuri'' (usually taken to mean ''[[Lilium concolor|L. concolor]]'') had to have been used,<ref name=NDHZ-yuri/> but another source points out that the city of Hamada lies back to back with across a mountain range with [[Fuchu, Hiroshima]] which is renowned for its production of ''yama-yuri''  (''[[Lilium auratum|L. auratum]]'').<ref name=moriyasu/>{{Efn|group="lower-alpha"|And as discussed below, this yama-yuri was also called "hime-yuri" in earlier days.<ref name=dai-nihon-nokai/>}}

====Species used====

Current Japanese governmental sources ({{Circa|2005}}) list the following lily species as prominent in domestic consumption:{{Refn|Taira, Hirokazu<!--平宏和総--> et al. edd., (2006) ''Shokuhin zukan'', {{nihongo|[[Kagawa Nutrition University|KNU Publishing]] |女子栄養大学|Joshi Eiyō Daigaku}}. ''apud'' MAFF consumer bureau Q&A.<ref name=KNU-MAFF-Q&A/> Cf. KNU Prof. Gomyo's online encyclopedia.<ref name=KNU-gomyo />}}<ref>Ministry of Education (MEXT, 2005), {{interlanguage link|Standard Tables of Food Composition in Japan{{!}}''Standard Tables of Food Composition in Japan''|ja|日本食品標準成分表}}, 5th revised and expanded edition, {{URL|1=http://www.mext.go.jp/b_menu/shingi/gijyutu/gijyutu3/toushin/05031802/003/006.pdf |2=Appendix 1-6 to Chapter3}}</ref> the ''oni yuri'' or tiger lily ''[[Lilium lancifolium]]'', the ''kooni yuri'' [[Lilium leichtlinii var maximowiczii|''Lilium leichtlinii'' var. ''maximowiczii'']],{{efn|The {{nihongo|ko[[oni]] yuri|小鬼百合|extra="lesser ogre lily"}}.}} and the gold-banded white ''yama-yuri'' ''L. auratum''.

But Japanese sources c. 1895–1900,<ref name=dai-nihon-nokai/><ref>{{harvp|Shin shikunshi|1901}}, [https://dl.ndl.go.jp/info:ndljp/pid/840167/73 p. 132] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200210013631/https://dl.ndl.go.jp/info:ndljp/pid/840167/73 |date=2020-02-10 }}.</ref> give a top-three list which replaces ''kooni yuri'' with the {{nihongo|''sukashi-yuri''|透かし百合|extra=lit. "see-through lily", ''[[Lilium maculatum|L. maculatum]]''}} named from the gaps between the [[tepals]].<ref name=kojien-sukashiyuri/>{{Refn|This species was particularly sought after by high-end {{nihongo|kappo|割烹|}} restaurants, for braising it whole. {{harvp|Shin shikunshi|1901}}, [https://dl.ndl.go.jp/info:ndljp/pid/840167/44 p. 75].}}

There is uncertainty regarding which species is meant by the ''hime-yuri'' used as food, because although this is usually the common name for [[Lilium concolor|L. concolor]] in most up-to-date literature,<ref name=WEP/> it used to ambiguously referred to the tiger lily as well, c. 1895–1900.<ref name=dai-nihon-nokai/> The non-tiger-lily ''himeyuri'' is certainly described as quite palatable in the literature at the time, but the extent of exploitation could not have been as significant.{{Refn|group="lower-alpha"|That is, not in the top three of this period.<ref name=dai-nihon-nokai/>}}