Editing Languages of Europe (section)

=== Languages spoken in Armenia, Azerbaijan, Cyprus, Georgia, and Turkey ===
There [[Definition of Europe|are various definitions of Europe]], which may or may not include all or parts of Turkey, Cyprus, Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia. For convenience, the languages and associated statistics for all five of these countries are grouped together on this page, as they are usually presented at a national, rather than subnational, level.

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! rowspan=2|Name
! rowspan=2|[[ISO-639|ISO-<br />639]]
! rowspan=2|Classification
! colspan=2| Speakers in expanded geopolitical Europe 
! colspan=2|Official status
|-
!data-sort- type="number" style="width:90pt;"|L1
!data-sort-type="number"|L1+L2
!National{{refn|[[List of sovereign states|Sovereign states]], defined as [[United Nations]] member states and observer states. 'Recognised minority language' status is not included.|group=nb}}
!Regional
|-
| [[Abkhaz language|Abkhaz]] || ab || Northwest Caucasian, Abazgi || Abkhazia/Georgia:<ref>Abkhazia is a de facto state recognized by Russia and a handful of other states, but considered by Georgia to be ruling over a Georgian region</ref> 191,000<ref>{{e18|abk|Abkhazian}}</ref><br />Turkey: 44,000<ref name=Lewis>{{cite web
  | editor-last = Lewis
  | editor-first = M. Paul 
  | title = Ethnologue report for Turkey (Asia)
  | work = Ethnologue: Languages of the World
  | publisher = SIL International
  | year = 2009
  | url = http://www.ethnologue.org/show_country.asp?name=TRA
  | access-date = 2009-09-08
  | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100707065422/http://www.ethnologue.org/show_country.asp?name=TRA
  | archive-date = 2010-07-07
  | url-status = dead
  }}</ref>|| ||Abkhazia||Abkhazia 
|-
| [[Adyghe language|Adyghe]] (West Circassian) || ady || Northwest Caucasian, Circassian || Turkey: 316,000<ref name=Lewis/>|| || || 
|-
| [[Albanian language|Albanian]] || sq || Indo-European, Albanian || Turkey: 66,000 (Tosk)<ref name=Lewis/> || || || 
|-
| [[Arabic language|Arabic]] || ar || Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, West || Turkey: 2,437,000 <small>Not counting post-2014 Syrian refugees</small><ref name="Lewis"/> || || || 
|-
| [[Armenian language|Armenian]] || hy || Indo-European, Armenian || [[Armenia]]: 3 million<ref name=":4">{{cite web|url=https://www.armstat.am/file/article/1._bajin_5_583-664.pdf|title=Armenian 2011 census data, chapter 5}}</ref><br />Azerbaijan: 145,000 {{citation needed|date=June 2020}}<br />Georgia: around 0.2 million ethnic Armenians <small>(Abkhazia: 44,870<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.ethno-kavkaz.narod.ru/rnabkhazia.html| title = Ethno-Caucasus – Население Кавказа – Республика Абхазия – Население Абхазии}}</ref>)</small><br />Turkey: 61,000<ref name=Lewis/><br />Cyprus: 668<ref name="CoE 2014">{{cite report |author=Council of Europe|date=2014-01-16|title=European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. Fourth periodical presented to the Secretary General of the Council of Europe in accordance with Article 15 of the Charter. CYPRUS|url=http://www.coe.int/t/dg4/education/minlang/Report/PeriodicalReports/CyprusPR4_en.pdf}}</ref>{{rp|3}} || || Armenia<br />Azerbaijan|| Cyprus
|-
| [[Azerbaijani language|Azerbaijani]] || az || Turkic, Oghuz || Azerbaijan 9 million{{citation needed|date=June 2020}}<ref>Azeri community in Dagestan excluded</ref><br />Turkey: 540,000<ref name=Lewis/><br />[[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] 0.2 million|| || Azerbaijan ||
|-
| [[Bats language|Batsbi]] || bbl || Northeast Caucasian, Nakh || [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]]: 500<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.unesco.org/culture/languages-atlas/en/atlasmap/language-id-1041.html|title=UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in danger|website=www.unesco.org|language=en|access-date=2018-04-17}}</ref>{{update inline|date=June 2020}} || || || 
|- 
| [[Bulgarian language|Bulgarian]] || bg || Indo-European, Slavic, South || [[Turkey]]: 351,000<ref name=Lewis/> || || || 
|-
| [[Crimean Tatar language|Crimean Tatar]] || crh || Turkic, Kipchak || [[Turkey]]: 100,000<ref name=Lewis/> || || ||
|-
| [[Georgian language|Georgian]] || ka || Kartvelian, Karto-Zan || [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]]: 3,224,696<ref name=GeorgiaCensus/> <br /> [[Turkey]]: 151,000<ref name=Lewis/> <br /> [[Azerbaijan]]: 9,192 ethnic Georgians<ref name="Azer2009">[http://www.azstat.org/statinfo/demoqraphic/en/AP_/1_5.xls Censuses of Republic of Azerbaijan 1979, 1989, 1999, 2009]{{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121130101713/http://www.azstat.org/statinfo/demoqraphic/en/AP_/1_5.xls|date=30 November 2012 }}</ref> || || [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] || 
|-
| [[Greek language|Greek]] || el || Indo-European, Hellenic || Cyprus: 679,883<ref name="Euromosaic">{{cite web|title=Cyprus|work=Euromosaic III|url=http://ec.europa.eu/languages/documents/cy_en.pdf|access-date=3 July 2013}}</ref>{{rp|2.2}} <br /> Turkey: 3,600<ref name=Lewis/> || || Cyprus || 
|-
| [[Juhuri language|Juhuri]] || jdt || Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Southwest || Azerbaijan: 24,000 (1989)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tedsnet.de/georgien/Azer.html |title=Ethnologue: Azerbaijan |publisher=Tedsnet.de |date= |accessdate=2021-12-03 |archive-date=22 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230922172424/http://tedsnet.de/georgien/Azer.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>{{update inline|date=June 2020}} || || || 
|-
| [[Kurdish language|Kurdish]] || kur || Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Northwest || Turkey: 15 million<ref name="pop">[[SIL Ethnologue|SIL ''Ethnologue'']] gives estimates, broken down by dialect group, totalling 31 million, but with the caveat of "Very provisional figures for Northern Kurdish speaker population". ''Ethnologue'' estimates for dialect groups:
Northern: 20.2M (undated; 15M in Turkey for 2009),
Central: 6.75M (2009),
Southern: 3M (2000),
Laki: 1M (2000).
The Swedish ''[[Nationalencyklopedin]]'' listed Kurdish in its "Världens 100 största språk 2007" (The World's 100 Largest Languages in 2007), citing an estimate of 20.6 million native speakers.
</ref><br />Azerbaijan: 9,000{{citation needed|date=June 2020}} <!-- number is for ethnic Kurds--> || || ||
|-
| [[Kurmanji]] || kmr || Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Northwest || Turkey: 8.13 million<ref>{{cite journal| title=Mutual intelligibility of a Kurmanji and a Zazaki dialect spoken in the province of Elazığ, Turkey | publisher=De Gruyter academic publishing | date= 1 December 2021 | doi=10.1515/applirev-2020-0151 | last1=Ozek | first1=Fatih | last2=Saglam | first2=Bilgit | last3=Gooskens | first3=Charlotte | journal=Applied Linguistics Review | volume=14 | issue=5 | pages=1411–1449 | s2cid=244782650 | doi-access=free }}</ref> <br />Armenia: 33,509<ref name="armstat.am">{{cite web|url=http://armstat.am/file/article/sv_03_13a_520.pdf|title=Article|website=armstat.am}}</ref><br />Georgia: 14,000 {{citation needed|date=June 2020}} <!-- number is for ethnic Kurds--> || || || Armenia
|-
| [[Laz language|Laz]] || lzz || Kartvelian, Karto-Zan, Zan || Turkey: 20,000<ref name="laz_ethnologue">{{cite web |url=http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=lzz |title=Laz |work=[[Ethnologue]]}}</ref> <br /> Georgia: 2,000<ref name="laz_ethnologue"/> || || || 
|-
| [[Megleno-Romanian language|Megleno-Romanian]] || ruq || Indo-European, Italic, Romance, East || Turkey: 4–5,000<ref>[[Thede Kahl]] (2006): The islamisation of the Meglen Vlachs (Megleno-Romanians): The village of Nânti (Nótia) and the "Nântinets" in present-day Turkey, Nationalities Papers, 34:01, p80-81: "Assuming that nearly the total population of Nânti emigrated, then the number of emigrants must have been around 4,000. If the reported number of people living there today is added, the whole Meglen Vlachs population is c. 5,000. Although that number is only a rough estimate and may be exaggerated by the individual interviewees, it might correspond to reality."</ref><!-- note this is ethnic population, not speakers. Fix when possible--> || || || 
|-
| [[Mingrelian language|Mingrelian]] || xmf || Kartvelian, Karto-Zan, Zan || Georgia (including Abkhazia): 344,000<ref>{{cite web| url = http://endangeredlanguages.com/lang/10906| title = Endangered Languages Project: Mingrelian}}</ref> || || || 
|-
| [[Pontic Greek language|Pontic Greek]] || pnt || Indo-European, Hellenic || Turkey: greater than 5,000<ref name="Özkan">{{cite journal|last=Özkan|first=Hakan|title=The Pontic Greek spoken by Muslims in the villages of Beşköy in the province of present-day Trabzon|journal=Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies|year=2013|volume=37|issue=1|pages=130–150|doi=10.1179/0307013112z.00000000023}}</ref><br />Armenia: 900 ethnic [[Caucasus Greeks]]<ref>{{cite web| url = http://armstat.am/file/article/sv_03_13a_520.pdf| title = 2011 Armenian Census}}</ref><br />Georgia: 5,689 [[Caucasus Greeks]]<ref name=GeorgiaCensus>{{cite web |url = http://geostat.ge/cms/site_images/_files/english/population/Census_release_ENG_2016.pdf |title = 2014 Georgian census |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170205175903/http://geostat.ge/cms/site_images/_files/english/population/Census_release_ENG_2016.pdf |archive-date=5 February 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref> || || ||
|-
| [[Romani language]] and [[Domari language]] || rom, dmt || Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indic || Turkey: 500,000<ref name=Lewis/> || || ||
|-
| [[Russian language|Russian]] || ru || Indo-European, Balto-Slavic, Slavic || Armenia: 15,000<ref name="demoscope251">{{cite web|url=http://demoscope.ru/weekly/2006/0251/tema01.php|script-title=ru:Падение статуса русского языка на постсоветском пространстве|publisher=Demoscope.ru|access-date=2016-08-19|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161025204352/http://demoscope.ru/weekly/2006/0251/tema01.php|archive-date=2016-10-25|title= }}</ref><br />Azerbaijan: 250,000<ref name="demoscope251"/><br />Georgia: 130,000<ref name="demoscope251"/> || Armenia: about 0.9 million<ref name="demoscope329">{{cite web|url=http://demoscope.ru/weekly/2008/0329/tema03.php|script-title=ru:Русскоязычие распространено не только там, где живут русские|website=demoscope.ru|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161023011719/http://www.demoscope.ru/weekly/2008/0329/tema03.php|archive-date=2016-10-23|title= }}</ref> <br /> Azerbaijan: about 2.6 million<ref name="demoscope329"/><!-- 26% fluent in Russian--><br /> Georgia: about 1 million<ref name="demoscope329"/><!-- 27% fluent in Russian--><br />Cyprus: 20,984<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mof.gov.cy/mof/cystat/statistics.nsf/All/548284B11BF2A3B1C2257A06003204B2?OpenDocument&print |script-title=el:Στατιστική Υπηρεσία – Πληθυσμός και Κοινωνικές Συνθήκες – Απογραφή Πληθυσμού – Ανακοινώσεις – Αποτελέσματα Απογραφής Πληθυσμού, 2011 |language=el |publisher=Demoscope.ru |access-date=2013-06-18 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130507080606/http://www.mof.gov.cy/mof/cystat/statistics.nsf/All/548284B11BF2A3B1C2257A06003204B2?OpenDocument&print |archive-date=2013-05-07 |title= }}</ref> || Abkhazia<br />South Ossetia || Armenia <br /> Azerbaijan
|-
| [[Svan language|Svan]] || sva || Kartvelian, Svan || Georgia (incl. Abkhazia): 30,000<ref>{{cite web| url = http://endangeredlanguages.com/lang/3042| title = Endangered Languages Project: Svan}}</ref> || || ||
|-
| [[Tat language (Caucasus)|Tat]] || ttt || Indo-European, Indo-Aryan, Iranian, Southwest || Azerbaijan: 10,000<ref name="John M. Clifton 2005">John M. Clifton, Gabriela Deckinga, Laura Lucht, Calvin Tiessen, [http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.487.2395&rep=rep1&type=pdf "Sociolinguistic Situation of the Tat and Mountain Jews in Azerbaijan,"] In Clifton, ed., Studies in Languages of Azerbaijan, vol. 2 (Azerbaijan & St Petersburg, Russia: Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan & SIL International 2005). Page 3.</ref>{{update inline|date=June 2020}} || || || 
|-
| [[Turkish language|Turkish]] || tr || Turkic, Oghuz || Turkey: 66,850,000<ref name=Lewis/> <br /> Cyprus: 1,405<ref name="Census 2011">{{cite book |date=June 2013 |chapter=Population enumerated by age, sex, language spoken and district (1.10.2011) (sheet D1A) |title=Population – Country of Birth, Citizenship Category, Country of Citizenship, Language, 2011 |publisher=CYstat |url=http://www.mof.gov.cy/mof/cystat/statistics.nsf/All/8B96E149FE049F49C2257AD90055559F/$file/POP_CEN_11-POP_FOREIGN_LANG-EN-140613.xls?OpenElement}}{{Dead link|date=February 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> + 265,100 in the North<ref name=census2006>{{cite web|url=http://nufussayimi.devplan.org/Census%202006.pdf |title=Census.XLS |access-date=14 February 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116120824/http://nufussayimi.devplan.org/Census%202006.pdf |archive-date=16 January 2013 |df=dmy }}</ref><!-- it is known that 99.9% of North Cypriots speak Turkish but it would be nice if we had a source actually counting number of speakers here-->|| || Turkey <br /> Cyprus <br /> Northern Cyprus ||
|-
| [[Zaza language|Zazaki]] || zza || Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Northwest || Turkey: 3–4 million (2009)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://linguistlist.org/multitree/|title=Multitree &#124; The LINGUIST List|website=linguistlist.org|accessdate=20 May 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Glottolog 4.5 - Zaza |url=https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/zaza1246 |access-date=2022-05-21 |website=glottolog.org}}</ref> || || ||
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