Editing Kyoto Protocol (section)

===Withdrawal of Canada===

{{Main|Kyoto Protocol and government action#Withdrawal of Canada}}
{{See also|Canada and the Kyoto Protocol}}

In 2011, Canada, Japan and Russia stated that they would not take on further Kyoto targets.<ref name=canadaguardian>{{cite web
|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2011/dec/13/canada-pulls-out-kyoto-protocol
|title=Canada pulls out of Kyoto protocol
|work=The Guardian
|access-date=13 December 2011
|date=13 December 2011
|archive-date=17 December 2019
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191217115504/https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2011/dec/13/canada-pulls-out-kyoto-protocol
|url-status=live
}}</ref> The Canadian government announced its withdrawal—possible at any time three years after ratification—from the Kyoto Protocol on 12 December 2011, effective 15 December 2012.<ref>{{cite web
|url=https://www.thestar.com/news/canada/politics/article/1100802--canada-withdrawing-from-kyoto?bn=1#article
|title=Canada withdrawing from Kyoto
|work=The Toronto Star
|date=12 December 2011
|access-date=12 December 2011
|archive-date=7 January 2012
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120107231408/http://www.thestar.com/news/canada/politics/article/1100802--canada-withdrawing-from-kyoto?bn=1#article
|url-status=live
}}</ref> Canada was committed to cutting its greenhouse emissions to 6% below 1990 levels by 2012, but in 2009 emissions were 17% higher than in 1990. The [[Stephen Harper|Harper]] government prioritized [[oil sands]] development in Alberta, and deprioritized the reduction of greenhouse emissions. Environment minister [[Peter Kent]] cited Canada's liability to "enormous financial penalties" under the treaty unless it withdrew.<ref name=canadaguardian/><ref>{{cite news
 |url          = http://business.financialpost.com/2011/12/13/canada-to-pull-out-of-kyoto-protocol/
 |title        = Canada to pull out of Kyoto protocol
 |agency       = Reuters
 |newspaper    = Financial Post
 |first1       = David
 |last1        = Ljunggren
 |first2       = Randall
 |last2        = Palmer
 |date         = 13 December 2011
 |access-date  = 9 January 2012
 |archive-date = 9 January 2012
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20120109011937/http://business.financialpost.com/2011/12/13/canada-to-pull-out-of-kyoto-protocol/
 |url-status   = live
}}</ref> He also suggested that the recently signed [[2011 United Nations Climate Change Conference|Durban agreement]] may provide an alternative way forward.<ref name="bbc canada withdrawal">{{cite news
|title=Canada under fire over Kyoto protocol exit
|newspaper=BBC News
|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-16165033
|date=13 December 2011
|access-date=22 June 2018
|archive-date=19 November 2018
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181119061022/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-16165033
|url-status=live
}}</ref> The Harper government claimed it would find a "Made in Canada" solution. Canada's decision received a generally negative response from representatives of other ratifying countries.<ref name="bbc canada withdrawal"/>