Editing Kolkata (section)

=== Roads and expressways ===
{{Main|List of roads in Kolkata}}
{{See also|List of expressways in West Bengal}}
[[File:Red Road - Kolkata 2013-04-10 7739.JPG|300px|thumb|Red Road, a major 6-lane highroad in Central Kolkata]]
Kolkata along its [[Kolkata Metropolitan Area|metropolitan area]] is home to the second largest road network in India. {{As of|2022}}, total road network in the city's [[Kolkata metropolitan area|metropolitan area]] is {{Convert|4018|km|abbr=on}},<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.statista.com/statistics/1075128/india-road-length-in-metropolitan-cities/#:~:text=In%202022%2C%20the%20Indian%20capital,just%20over%20four%20thousand%20kilometers |title=India: Road length in major metropolitan cities 2022 |access-date=8 May 2024 |archive-date=7 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507185028/https://www.statista.com/statistics/1075128/india-road-length-in-metropolitan-cities/#:~:text=In%202022%2C%20the%20Indian%20capital,just%20over%20four%20thousand%20kilometers |url-status=live }}</ref> while the city proper has road network of {{Convert|1850|km|abbr=on}}.<ref name="auto1">{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/among-metros-kol-has-highest-car-density-with-2448-per-km/articleshow/102483515.cms |title=Among metros, Kolkata has highest car density with 2,448 per km |newspaper=The Times of India |date=7 August 2023 |access-date=8 May 2024 |archive-date=7 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507191135/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/among-metros-kol-has-highest-car-density-with-2448-per-km/articleshow/102483515.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> The city has witnessed a steady increase in the number of registered vehicles: from 17 lakhs in 2019 to 21 lakhs in 2022, an 18.52 per cent jump.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/kolkata/in-kolkata-vehicle-registrations-rose-by-18-5-post-pandemic-9084010/ |title=In Kolkata, vehicle registrations rose by 18.5% post pandemic |date=27 December 2023 |access-date=8 May 2024 |archive-date=8 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240508143527/https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/kolkata/in-kolkata-vehicle-registrations-rose-by-18-5-post-pandemic-9084010/ |url-status=live }}</ref> With 2,448 vehicles per kilometre of road, Kolkata has the highest car density in India.<ref name="auto1"/> This leads major traffic congestion. The city's main bus terminals are located at [[Esplanade, Kolkata|Esplanade]] and [[Howrah]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Bandyopadhyay |first=Krishnendu |title=Bus-stand shift still on paper |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/Bus-stand-shift-still-on-paper/articleshow/10448452.cms |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120708020802/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-10-22/kolkata/30310637_1_terminus-bus-stand-bus-termini |archive-date=8 July 2012 |access-date=7 December 2011 |date=22 September 2011 |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |url-status=live |location=New Delhi }}</ref> The Kolkata–Delhi and Kolkata–[[Chennai]] prongs of the [[Golden Quadrilateral]], and [[National Highway 12 (India)|National Highway 12]] start from the outskirts of the city.<ref>{{cite web |title=Physical infrastructure |url=http://www.wbidc.com/about_wb/physical_infrastructure.htm |publisher=West Bengal Industrial Development Corporation |access-date=7 December 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111150948/http://www.wbidc.com/about_wb/physical_infrastructure.htm |archive-date=11 January 2012 }}</ref>

{{As of|2024}}, Kolkata has one state expressway and two national [[Expressways of India|expressways]], all in its metropolitan area. [[Kalyani Expressway]] is only state expressway, which is partially operational and partially under construction. The national expressways are [[Belghoria Expressway|Belghoria]] (part of [[AH1]] and [[National Highway 12 (India)|NH12]]), operational and [[Kona Expressway]] (part of [[National Highway 12 (India)|NH12]]), at grade road operational but elevated corridor under construction. Some national expressways are planned or in various stages of construction to connect directly with many major metropolises and cities of India. Those are: [[Varanasi–Kolkata Expressway]]<ref>{{cite news |author1=Mishra, Amit |title=NHAI's Ambitious 610-Km Varanasi-Kolkata Expressway To Be Operational By 2027 |url=https://swarajya.com/amp/story/news-headlines%2Fnhais-ambitious-610-km-varanasi-kolkata-expressway-to-be-operational-by-2027 |work=Swarajya |date=9 December 2022 |access-date=10 December 2022 |language=en}}{{Dead link|date=May 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> and Patna Kolkata Expressway.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/patna-kolkata-expressway-to-pass-through-5-districts-of-bihar-4675919.html |title=Patna-Kolkata Expressway to Pass Through 5 Districts of Bihar |date=19 January 2022 |access-date=8 May 2024 |archive-date=22 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240822104006/https://www.news18.com/news/india/patna-kolkata-expressway-to-pass-through-5-districts-of-bihar-4675919.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

Kolkata has international road connectivity to [[Dhaka]], [[Bangladesh]] by [[Jessore Road]];<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://sundayguardianlive.com/news/jessore-road-redeveloped-end-2023-decades-delay |title=Jessore Road to be redeveloped by end of 2023 after a decade's delay |first=Dibyendu |last=Mondal |date=5 March 2022 |access-date=31 July 2024 |archive-date=22 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240822104014/https://sundayguardianlive.com/news/jessore-road-redeveloped-end-2023-decades-delay |url-status=live }}</ref> to [[Bangkok]], [[Thailand]] and [[Myanmar]] by Kolkata-Thailand-Bangkok Trilateral Highway (an extension of [[India–Myanmar–Thailand Trilateral Highway|IMT Highway]])<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/business/roadways-kolkata-to-thailand-via-myanmar-road-that-wont-be-less-travelled-know-all-about-the-scenic-route-distance-and-launch-time-3128938/ |title=Kolkata to Thailand via Myanmar! Road that won't be less travelled – Know all about the scenic route, distance and launch time |date=17 June 2023 |access-date=8 May 2024 |archive-date=8 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240508155526/https://www.financialexpress.com/business/roadways-kolkata-to-thailand-via-myanmar-road-that-wont-be-less-travelled-know-all-about-the-scenic-route-distance-and-launch-time-3128938/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and to [[Nepal]] and [[Bhutan]] by [[National Highway 12 (India)|NH12]] and proposed [[Haldia–Raxaul Expressway]].

[[File:Yellow taxi at Esplanade in Kolkata.jpg|thumb|The yellow taxi remains a favourite mode of transportation despite the foray of [[Ridesharing company|rideshare companies]] in the transport market.]]
Hired public conveyances include [[auto rickshaw]]s, which often ply specific routes, and yellow metered taxis. Almost all of Kolkata's taxis are antiquated [[Hindustan Ambassador]]s by make; newer air-conditioned [[Taxicab#Dispatching|radio taxis]] are in service as well.<ref>{{cite news |title=Cruise in a cool cab |url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1081130/jsp/calcutta/story_10111183.jsp |access-date=7 December 2011 |newspaper=The Telegraph |date=30 November 2008 |location=Kolkata |first=Samhita L. |last=Chakraborty |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118182025/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1081130/jsp/calcutta/story_10111183.jsp |archive-date=18 January 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Getting around in Kolkata |url=http://www.lonelyplanet.com/india/kolkata-calcutta/transport/getting-around |publisher=Lonely Planet |access-date=7 December 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121204170242/http://www.lonelyplanet.com/india/kolkata-calcutta/transport/getting-around |archive-date=4 December 2012 }}</ref> In parts of the city, [[cycle rickshaw]]s and [[Pulled rickshaw|hand-pulled rickshaws]] are patronised by the public for short trips.<ref>{{cite web |first=Calvin |last=Trillin |title=India's rickshaws |url=http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2008/04/kolkata-rickshaws/calvin-trillin-text |work=National Geographic |access-date=11 February 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120130071745/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2008/04/kolkata-rickshaws/calvin-trillin-text |archive-date=30 January 2012 }}</ref>