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=== Agriculture === {{Main|Agriculture in Kazakhstan}} [[File:Песня жаворонка(3264-2448).jpg|thumb|right|Grain fields near [[Kökşetau]]]] [[Agriculture in Kazakhstan|Agriculture]] accounts for approximately 5 percent of Kazakhstan's GDP.<ref name="CIA" /> Grain, potatoes, grapes, vegetables, melons and livestock are the most important agricultural commodities. Agricultural land occupies more than {{convert|846000|km2|sqmi}}. The available agricultural land consists of {{convert|205000|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} of arable land and {{convert|611000|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} of [[pasture]] and hay land. Over 80 percent of the country's total area is classified as agricultural land, including almost 70 percent occupied by pasture. Its arable land has the second highest availability per inhabitant (1.5 hectares).<ref name=wb1>{{cite web|title=Arable Land per inhabitant World Bank database.|url=http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/AG.LND.ARBL.HA.PC|publisher=The World Bank|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150210004356/http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/AG.LND.ARBL.HA.PC|archive-date=10 February 2015}}</ref> Chief livestock products are [[dairy product]]s, leather, meat, and [[wool]]. The country's major crops include wheat, [[barley]], cotton, and rice. Wheat exports, a major source of [[hard currency]], rank among the leading commodities in Kazakhstan's export trade. In 2003 Kazakhstan harvested 17.6 million tons of grain in gross, 2.8% higher compared to 2002. Kazakhstani agriculture still has many environmental problems from mismanagement during its years in the Soviet Union. Some [[Kazakh wine]] is produced in the mountains to the east of Almaty.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Shepard|first=Wade|title=How Kazakhstan Is Becoming The Next Frontier For World-Class Wine|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/wadeshepard/2016/02/29/could-kazakhstan-become-the-next-frontier-for-world-class-wine/|access-date=2021-01-05|website=[[Forbes]] |language=en|archive-date=7 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210107122830/https://www.forbes.com/sites/wadeshepard/2016/02/29/could-kazakhstan-become-the-next-frontier-for-world-class-wine/|url-status=live}}</ref>
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