Editing Kashrut (section)

==Society and culture==
===Adherence===
Many Jews partially observe ''kashrut,'' by abstaining from pork or shellfish or by not drinking milk with meat dishes. Some keep kosher at home but eat in non-kosher restaurants. In 2012, one analysis of the specialty food market in North America estimated that only 15% of kosher consumers were Jewish.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.ats-sea.agr.gc.ca/info/6116-eng.htm|title= The Specialty Food Market in North America|date= March 2012|publisher= Agri-Food Trade Service, Canada|work= Market Information|access-date= 2012-10-29|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130528183844/http://www.ats-sea.agr.gc.ca/info/6116-eng.htm |archive-date= 2013-05-28}}</ref> Kosher meat is regularly consumed by [[Muslim]]s when ''[[halal]]'' is not available.<ref>{{cite magazine|author=Yitzchok Frankfurter|date=Nov 15, 2017|title=Between Kosher & Halal |magazine=[[Ami (magazine)|Ami]]|issue=342|page=94}}</ref> Muslims, [[Hindu]]s, and people with allergies to dairy foods often consider the ''kosher-pareve'' designation as an assurance that a food contains no animal-derived ingredients, including milk and all of its derivatives.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.kosher-directory.com/whoeats.htm |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20081224232856/http://www.kosher-directory.com/whoeats.htm |url-status= usurped |archive-date= December 24, 2008 |title= Who Eats Kosher? Do You Have to Be Jewish to Eat Kosher? |access-date= March 14, 2013 |work= Kosher Directory}}</ref> However, since ''kosher-pareve'' foods may contain honey, eggs, or fish, [[vegan]]s cannot rely on the certification.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.vrg.org/nutshell/faq.htm#kosher |title= Most Frequently Asked Questions |access-date= October 17, 2013 |work= The Vegetarian Resource Group}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.peta.org/about/faq/What-about-kosher-symbols.aspx |title= What about kosher symbols? |access-date= October 17, 2013 |work= PETA|date= 7 July 2010 }}</ref>

About a sixth of [[American Jews]] or 0.3% of the American population fully keep kosher, and many more of them do not strictly follow all of the rules but still abstain from some prohibited foods, especially pork. The [[Seventh-day Adventist Church]], a [[Christian denomination]], preaches a health message which expects adherence to the kosher dietary laws.<ref name="Jewish Folklore and Ethnology Review 1996 p.">{{cite book | title=Jewish Folklore and Ethnology Review | publisher=Jewish Folklore and Ethnology Section of the American Folklore Society | page=79 | issue=v. 18–20 | year=1996 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oRskAQAAIAAJ | access-date=July 26, 2018}}</ref><ref name="Quick Frozen Foods 1977 p.">{{cite book | title=Quick Frozen Foods | publisher=E.W. Williams | issue=v. 39 | year=1977 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=b1TVAAAAMAAJ | language=eu | access-date=July 26, 2018 | page=28}}</ref>

Surveys conducted in 2013 and 2020 found that 22% of [[American Jews]] by religion claimed to keep kosher in their homes.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.pewforum.org/2013/10/01/chapter-4-religious-beliefs-and-practices/ |title= A Portrait of Jewish Americans: Chapter 4: Religious Beliefs and Practices|date= 1 October 2013 |access-date= 8 January 2015 |publisher=[[Pew Forum]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Diamant |first=Jeff |title=Jews in U.S. are far less religious than Christians and Americans overall, at least by traditional measures |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2021/05/13/jews-in-u-s-are-far-less-religious-than-christians-and-americans-overall-at-least-by-traditional-measures/ |access-date=2022-09-02 |website=Pew Research Center |date=13 May 2021 |language=en-US}}</ref> Pork consumption in particular seems to be a bigger taboo than other non-Kosher eating practices among Jews, with 41% claiming to at least abstain from eating pork.<ref>{{cite web |title=57% of US Jews eat pork, and 9 other findings from new Pew study {{!}} The Times of Israel |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/57-of-us-jews-eat-pork-and-9-other-findings-from-new-pew-study/amp/ |access-date=2022-07-24 |website=The Times of Israel}}</ref> American Jews are generally less strict about Kosher laws when compared to [[Israeli Jews]]. Nearly three times as many Israeli Jews reported that they commit to keeping kosher in their homes and 84% do not eat pork.<ref>{{Cite web    |date=2016-03-08 |title=1. Comparisons between Jews in Israel and the U.S. |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2016/03/08/comparisons-between-jews-in-israel-and-the-u-s/ |access-date=2022-09-02 |website=Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project |language=en-US}}</ref>

==== Differentiations in practice ====
"Kosher style" allows for variation in adherence to kashrut, reflecting different practices within the Jewish community. For some, kosher style implies abstinence from non-kosher animals, like pork and shellfish, and the avoidance of mixing meat and dairy in meals. These individuals may consume meat from animals that are kosher but not necessarily slaughtered according to kashrut standards.

The notion of "kosher style" serves individuals and communities navigating between strict religious observance and cultural identification with Jewish culinary traditions. Hasia Diner, a professor of American Jewish history at New York University, suggests that "kosher-style" represents a balancing act between tradition and assimilation, providing a sense of Jewish identity through food without strict adherence to kashrut.<ref name="From Pickles to Salmon, the Joys of Kosher-Style">{{cite web|title=From Pickles to Salmon, the Joys of Kosher-Style|url=https://momentmag.com/from-pickles-to-salmon-the-joys-of-kosher-style/|publisher=Moment Magazine|date=July 25, 2019|access-date=October 1, 2023|author=Sala Levin}}</ref>

This flexible practice emerged in the 1920s amongst Jews assimilating into American society, who sought connection to their heritage without fully observing dietary laws. The term is broad and encompasses foods that could be kosher, like chicken noodle soup or pareve meals (neither meat nor dairy), even if they don't meet halakhic standards. Diner points out the term is "oxymoronic," creating an illusion of kashrut where the true emphasis is on a style of cuisine rather than compliance with religious dietary laws.<ref name="From Pickles to Salmon, the Joys of Kosher-Style" />

Over time, the meaning of "kosher style" has evolved and expanded, reflecting changes within Jewish communities and broader society. In contemporary practice, "kosher style" is often encountered at social events and gatherings, where meals might exclude certain non-kosher items but not adhere strictly to kashrut. The exact definition may vary between communities and individuals, reflecting diverse interpretations and practices related to Jewish dietary laws. The term also relates to products marketed as "kosher style," prompting some regions to establish legislation to clarify labeling and prevent consumer misunderstanding. For instance, kosher-style pickles might be produced without kosher certification or supervision but are associated with Jewish culinary tradition.<ref name="From Pickles to Salmon, the Joys of Kosher-Style" />

===Linguistics===
====Etymology====
[[File:Sklep koszerny.jpg|thumb|Kosher shop in [[Warsaw]], using the Polish spelling of "kosher"]]
In [[Biblical Hebrew|Ancient Hebrew]] the word ''kosher'' ({{langx|he|כשר}}) means ''be advantageous'', ''proper'', ''suitable'', or ''succeed'',<ref>{{cite web |url= http://tmcdaniel.palmerseminary.edu/BDB.pdf |title= A Hebrew and English lexicon of the Old Testament |publisher= Palmer Theological Seminary}}</ref> according to the [[Brown–Driver–Briggs]] Hebrew and English Lexicon. In [[Modern Hebrew]] it generally refers to ''kashrut'' but it can also sometimes mean "proper". For example, the [[Babylonian Talmud]] uses ''kosher'' in the sense of "virtuous" when referring to [[Darius I]] as a "kosher king"; Darius, a [[Persia]]n king (reigned 522–486 BCE), fostered the building of the [[Second Temple]].<ref>[[Rosh Hashanah (tractate)|Tractate ''Rosh Hashanah'']] 3b, ''Schottenstein Edition'', [[Mesorah Publications]] Ltd.</ref> In colloquial [[English language|English]], ''[[wiktionary:kosher|kosher]]'' often means "legitimate", "acceptable", "permissible", "genuine", or "authentic".<ref name="Partridge">{{cite book |author1= Eric Partridge |author2= Tom Dalzell |author3= Terry Victor | title = The New Partridge Dictionary of Slang and Unconventional English: Volume 2, J-Z | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=mAdUqLrKw4YC&pg=PA388 | year = 2006 | publisher = Taylor & Francis | isbn = 978-0-415-25938-5 | page = 388 }}</ref><ref name="Phythian">{{cite book | author = B.A. Phythian | title = A concise dictionary of English slang and colloquialisms | year = 1976 | publisher = The Writer, Inc | isbn = 978-0-87116-099-7 | page = 110 | quote = Kosher Genuine. Fair. Acceptable. }}</ref> The word ''kosher'' can also form part of some common product names.

====Kosher salt====
Sometimes ''kosher'' is used as an abbreviation of ''koshering'', meaning the process for making something ''kosher''; for example, ''[[kosher salt]]'' is a form of salt with irregularly shaped crystals, making it particularly suitable for preparing meat according to the rules of ''kashrut'', because the increased surface area of the crystals absorbs blood more effectively.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://legacy.mos.org/sln/SEM/ksalt.html |title= Kosher Salt |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20151230171127/http://legacy.mos.org/sln/sem/ksalt.html |archive-date= 2015-12-30 }}</ref> In this case the type of salt refers to kosher style salt. Salt may also be kosher certified salt, or both. Certified kosher salt follows ''kashrut'' guidelines.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kosher Salt Guide |url=https://seasalt.com/salt-101/about-salt/kosher-salt-guide |access-date=2024-07-29 |website=seasalt.com}}</ref> Sometimes the term "coarse kosher salt" is used to designate salt that is both kosher style and kosher certified.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mortonsalt.com/home-product/morton-coarse-kosher-salt/ |title=Morton® Coarse Kosher Salt |publisher=Morton Salt |access-date=2022-08-24}}</ref> The term "fine kosher salt" is sometimes used for salt that is certified kosher but not kosher style.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.diamondcrystalsalt.com/product/fine-kosher-salt | title=Fine Kosher Salt &#124; Diamond Crystal® Salt }}</ref>

====Pickles====
''Kosher'' can occur as a synonym for ''Jewish tradition''; for example, a ''kosher dill'' [[pickled cucumber|pickle]] is simply a pickle made in the traditional manner of Jewish New York City pickle-makers, using a generous addition of garlic to the brine, and is not necessarily compliant with the traditional Jewish food laws.<ref>
{{cite web
 | url= http://www.nyfoodmuseum.org/_pkwhat.htm
 | title= FROM PICKLE DAY EXHIBITS: What is a Pickle?
 | access-date= February 17, 2019
 | last1= Bowen |first1= Dana
 | last2= Ralph |first2= Nancy
 | publisher= New York Food Museum
 | quote = Kosher Dills are made the same way, but generous doses of garlic are added to the brine at the end. Just because they're called 'kosher dills' doesn't mean they are produced according to Kosher law - you have to check the label to see if Rabbinical supervision certified that particular brand Kosher.
}}
</ref>