Editing Jet stream (section)

===Africa===
{{See also|African easterly jet|Climate of Africa}}
There are several important low-level jets in Africa. Numerous low-level jets form in the [[Sahara]], and are important for the raising of [[dust]] off the desert surface. This includes a low-level jet in [[Chad]], which is responsible for dust emission from the [[Bodélé Depression]],<ref>Washington, R., and Todd, M. C. (2005), Atmospheric controls on mineral dust emission from the Bodélé Depression, Chad: The role of the low level jet, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L17701, doi:10.1029/2005GL023597.</ref> the world's most important single source of dust emission. [[The Somali Jet]], which forms off the East African coast is an important component of the global [[Hadley cell|Hadley]] circulation,<ref>Heaviside, C. and Czaja, A. (2013), Deconstructing the Hadley cell heat transport. Q.J.R. Meteorol. Soc., 139: 2181-2189. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.2085</ref> and supplies water vapour to the [[Monsoon of South Asia|Asian Monsoon]].<ref>Boos, W.R. and Emanuel, K.A. (2009), Annual intensification of the Somali jet in a quasi-equilibrium framework: Observational composites. Q.J.R. Meteorol. Soc., 135: 319-335. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.388</ref> Easterly low-level jets forming in valleys within the [[East African Rift|East African Rift System]] help account for the low rainfall in [[East Africa]] and support high rainfall in the [[Congo Basin]] rainforest.<ref>Munday, C., Savage, N., Jones, R.G. et al. Valley formation aridifies East Africa and elevates Congo Basin rainfall. Nature 615, 276–279 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-05662-5</ref> The formation of the [[thermal low]] over northern Africa leads to a low-level westerly jet stream from June into October, which provides the moist inflow to the West African [[monsoon]].<ref>B. Pu and K. H. Cook (2008). [http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008AGUFM.A13A0229P Dynamics of the Low-Level Westerly Jet Over West Africa.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171119014622/http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008AGUFM.A13A0229P |date=19 November 2017 }} American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2008, abstract #A13A-0229. Retrieved on 8 March 2009.</ref>

While not technically a low-level jet, the mid-level [[African easterly jet]] (at 3000–4000 m above the surface) is also an important climate feature in Africa. It occurs during the northern hemisphere summer between 10°N and 20°N above in the [[Sahel]] region of West Africa.<ref>Dr. Alex DeCaria. [http://snowball.millersville.edu/~adecaria/ESCI344/esci344_lesson04_seasonal_mean_wind_fields.pdf Lesson 4 – Seasonal-mean Wind Fields.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130909054657/http://snowball.millersville.edu/~adecaria/ESCI344/esci344_lesson04_seasonal_mean_wind_fields.pdf |date=9 September 2013 }} Retrieved on 3 May 2008.</ref> It is considered to play a crucial role in the West African [[monsoon]],<ref>Kerry H. Cook. [http://ams.allenpress.com/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&doi=10.1175%2F1520-0442(1999)012%3C1165%3AGOTAEJ%3E2.0.CO%3B2 Generation of the African Easterly Jet and Its Role in Determining West African Precipitation.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200226084709/https://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/full/10.1175/1520-0442%281999%29012%3C1165%3AGOTAEJ%3E2.0.CO%3B2 |date=26 February 2020 }} Retrieved on 8 May 2008.</ref> and helps form the [[tropical wave]]s which move across the tropical Atlantic and eastern Pacific oceans during the warm season.<ref>[[Chris Landsea]]. AOML Frequently Asked Questions. [http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/tcfaq/A4.html Subject: A4) What is an easterly wave ?] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060718105909/http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/tcfaq/A4.html|date=18 July 2006}} Retrieved on 8 May 2008.</ref>