Editing Jena (section)

=== Transport ===

==== By rail ====
[[File:13-05-03-jena-by-RalfR-93.jpg|thumb|Paradies station]]
Jena has no central railway station with connection to all the lines at one point. What is relatively common in many countries is quite unusual for a German city and caused on the one hand by the city's difficult topography and on the other hand by the history, because the two main lines were built by two different private companies. The connection in north–south direction is the [[Saal Railway]] with [[Intercity-Express|ICE]] trains running from [[Berlin]] in the north to [[Munich]] in the south once a day stopping at [[Jena Paradies station|Paradies station]] and local trains to [[Naumburg (Saale)|Naumburg]] and [[Saalfeld]] stopping at [[Jena-Zwätzen station|Zwätzen]], [[Jena Saale station|Saalbahnhof]], Paradies and [[Jena-Göschwitz station|Göschwitz]]. The connection in west–east direction is the [[Weimar–Gera railway]] with regional express trains to [[Göttingen]] (via [[Erfurt]] and [[Weimar]]) and [[Zwickau]], [[Glauchau]], [[Altenburg]] or [[Greiz]] (via [[Gera]]) and local trains between Weimar, Jena and Gera. The express trains stop at [[Jena West station|West station]] near the city centre and Göschwitz, the local trains furthermore at [[Neue Schenke]]. The junction between both lines is the [[Jena-Göschwitz station|Göschwitz station]], approx. {{convert|5|km|0|abbr=on}} south of the city centre.

When the [[Nuremberg–Erfurt high-speed railway]] opened in 2017, the city lost its connection to the long-distance train network. As compensation, there are new regional express train services to [[Halle (Saale)|Halle]] and [[Leipzig]] in the north, and to [[Nuremberg]] in the south.

==== By road ====
The two [[German autobahns|Autobahnen]] crossing each other nearby at ''Hermsdorf junction'' are the [[Bundesautobahn 4]] (Frankfurt–Dresden) and the [[Bundesautobahn 9]] (Berlin–Munich), which were both built during the 1930s. The A 4 runs quite next to the Lobeda housing complexes and the Leutra district. Therefore, it was rebuilt in the 2000s and got two tunnels to protect the residents and the environment against noise and air pollution. Furthermore, there are two [[Bundesstraße]]n crossing in Jena: the [[Bundesstraße 7]] is a connection to [[Weimar]] in the west and [[Gera]] in the east and the [[Bundesstraße 88]] is a connection along Saale valley to [[Naumburg (Saale)|Naumburg]] in the north and [[Rudolstadt]] in the south. Furthermore, there are some roads to [[Apolda]] via Isserstedt, [[Blankenhain]] via Ammerbach and [[Stadtroda]] via Lobeda. Most parts of city centre inside the former walls are pedestrian areas.

==== By air ====
The nearest airports to Jena are [[Erfurt–Weimar Airport]], approx. {{convert|50|km|0|abbr=on}} to the west and [[Leipzig/Halle Airport]], approx. {{convert|80|km|0|abbr=on}} to the northeast, which both serve mostly holiday flights to the Mediterranean and other holiday destinations. The nearest major airports are [[Frankfurt Airport]], [[Berlin Brandenburg Airport]] and [[Munich Airport]].

==== By bike ====
Despite the hilly terrain in some parts, Jena is a cycling city thanks to its large student population. Cycling has become more popular since the 1990s when good quality bike paths began to be built. There are bike lanes along some main roads, though cycling infrastructure is less developed compared with what exists in other German cities.

For [[bicycle touring]] there is the "Saale cycle route" ({{langx|de|Saale-Radweg}}) and the "Towns of Thuringia cycle route" ({{langx|de|Radweg Thüringer Städtekette}}). Both of these connect points of tourist interest: the former along the [[Saale]] valley from [[Fichtel Mountains]] in Bavaria to the [[Elbe]] river near [[Magdeburg]], while the latter follows the medieval [[Via Regia]] closely and runs from [[Eisenach]] via [[Erfurt]], [[Weimar]] and Jena to [[Altenburg]] via [[Gera]].

==== Trams and buses ====
[[File:13-05-03-jena-by-RalfR-04.jpg|thumb|A tram near Jena Paradies Station]]
The [[Trams in Jena|Jena tramway network]] was established in 1901 and enlarged after German reunification. It connects the major districts with the city centre; there are 5 ordinary lines served in different intervals between 7.5 and 20 minutes. Nevertheless, there are some old single-track segments interfering the services. Furthermore, there is an extensive network of buses, run (such as the trams) by the "Jenah" organization, a pun on Jena and the German {{lang|de|text= Nahverkehr}} lit. 'public transport'. Buses of the JES Verkehrsgesellschaft connect Jena with cities and villages in the region.