Editing Hutterites (section)

== Subgroups ==
[[File:Hutterite Divisions.png|Chart depicting the development of the different Hutterite branches.|thumb|upright=2.2]]

In the last 150 years several subgroups of Hutterites emerged. When the Hutterites migrated to the United States in 1874 and during the following years, there was a division between those who settled in colonies and lived with community of goods, and those who settled on private farms according to the conditions of the [[Homestead Acts#Homestead Act of 1862|Homestead Act of 1862]]. The homesteaders were called [[Prairieleut|Prärieleut]], while the ones who settled on the three communal colonies developed into three branches: [[Schmiedeleut]], [[Dariusleut]] and [[Lehrerleut]]; in the 1990s the Schmiedeleut split into two subgroups.

During the 20th century three groups joined the Hutterites, two of them only temporarily:
*The [[Owa Hutterite Colony]], a Japanese Hutterite community founded in 1972, did not consist of Hutterites of European descent, but ethnic Japanese who had adopted the same way of life and were recognized as an official [[Dariusleut]] colony. The inhabitants of this colony spoke neither English nor German. The colony was disbanded on December 31, 2019.
*In similar fashion, a "neo-Hutterite" group, called the {{Lang|de|[[Bruderhof Communities|Bruderhof]]}}, was founded in Germany in 1920 by [[Eberhard Arnold]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.plough.com/en/about-us|title=About Us|website=Plough|access-date=May 23, 2017}}</ref> Arnold forged links with the North American Hutterites in the 1930s, continuing until 1990 when the Bruderhof were excommunicated because of a number of religious and social differences.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://gameo.org/index.php?title=Bruderhof_Communities|title=Bruderhof Communities|website=GAMEO|access-date=November 8, 2017}}</ref> They are now an international group with communities in several countries including England and are theologically quite similar to Hutterites, while being more open to outsiders.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://inews.co.uk/culture/television/inside-the-bruderhof-bbc-documentary-when-time-community-where-live-497830|title=Inside The Bruderhof: Radical Christians living in an English village|website=inews.co.uk|date=July 25, 2019|access-date=October 10, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/mediapacks/inside-the-bruderhof|title=BBC - Inside The Bruderhof - Media Centre|website=www.bbc.co.uk|access-date=October 10, 2019}}</ref>
*The [[Community Farm of the Brethren]], also called ''Juliusleut'', is a Christian community with communal living at [[Bright, Ontario]], created under the leadership of Julius Kubassek (1893–1961). It was in fellowship with the Hutterites from its beginnings, in 1939, until 1950.

<!-- Oversight Error:Paragraph states three Hutterite Colonies, yet only cites/mentions two. -->Starting in 1999, three Hutterite colonies separated from their original "Leut" affiliation and became independent. For these three colonies spiritual renewal became a major concern. One of them, Elmendorf, branched out two times, so that there are now five colonies of that kind, which co-operate closely, thus forming a new affiliation of [[Hutterite Christian Communities]].

* [[Fort Pitt Farms Christian Community]] is a Christian Community of Hutterite [[Dariusleut]] origin and with many Hutterite traditions but fully autonomous since 1999, when it was excommunicated from the Hutterite Church, whereupon about one-third of the people of the colony decided to stay with the Dariusleut Hutterites.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gameo.org/index.php?title=Fort_Pitt_Hutterite_Colony_(Frenchman_Butte,_Saskatchewan,_Canada)|title=Fort Pitt Hutterite Colony (Frenchman Butte, Saskatchewan, Canada)|website=GAMEO|access-date=February 8, 2018}}</ref>
* Hillside Christian Fellowship Community, founded in 2013, is located in Bethel Kentucky. It is an independent community that is much more open to outsiders. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fortpittfarms.ca/about_1.html|title=Fort Pitt Farms Christian Community|website=Fort Pitt Farms Christian Community|access-date=February 8, 2018}}</ref> 
* [[Elmendorf Christian Community]], founded in 1998, is a Christian community of Hutterite tradition, but is much more open to outsiders, so-called [[Seeker (Anabaptism)|seekers]], than other Hutterite communities.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://elmendorfbelievers.com/|title=Elmendorf Christian Community|website=Elmendorf Christian Community|access-date=October 10, 2019}}</ref>{{citation needed|date=November 2015}}