Editing History of Nepal (section)

===Republic===
On 28 May 2008, the newly elected [[1st Nepalese Constituent Assembly|Constituent Assembly]] declared Nepal a Federal Democratic Republic, abolishing the 240-year-old monarchy. The motion for the abolition of the monarchy was carried by a huge majority: out of 564 members present in the assembly, 560 voted for the motion while 4 members voted against it.<ref>[http://www.nepalnews.com/archive/2008/may/may28/news18.php Nepalnews.com, news from Nepal as it happens] {{webarchive|url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160117050801/http://www.nepalnews.com/archive/2008/may/may28/news18.php |date= 2016-01-17 }}. Nepalnews.com. 28 May 2008. Retrieved on 2012-04-08.</ref> On 11 June 2008, the deposed King Gyanendra left the palace.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20081007111955/http://www.nepalnews.com/archive/2008/jun/jun11/news16.php Ex-King Gyanendra leaves Narayanhiti]. nepalnews.com. 11 June 2008</ref> [[Ram Baran Yadav]] of the Nepali Congress became the first [[President of Nepal|President of the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal]] on [[2008 Nepalese presidential election|July 23, 2008]]. Similarly, the Constituent Assembly elected Pushpa Kamal Dahal (Prachanda) of the [[Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist Centre)|Unified Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist)]] as the first [[List of prime ministers of Nepal|Prime Minister]] of the republic on 15 August 2008, favoring him over [[Sher Bahadur Deuba]] of the Nepali Congress.<ref>{{cite news |title=Nepal's former guerrilla chief Prachanda sworn in as PM |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idINIndia-35052320080818 |work=Reuters |date=18 August 2008 |language=en}}</ref>

After failing to draft a constitution before the deadline, the existing Constituent Assembly was dissolved by the government on 28 May 2012 and a new interim government was formed under the premiership of the [[Chief Justice of Nepal]], [[Khil Raj Regmi]]. In the [[2013 Nepalese Constituent Assembly election|Constituent Assembly election]] of November 2013, the Nepali Congress won the largest share of the votes but failed to get a majority. The [[Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist–Leninist)|CPN (UML)]] and the Nepali Congress negotiated to form a consensus government, and [[Sushil Koirala]] of the Nepali Congress was elected as prime minister.<ref>{{cite news |title=Sushil Koirala wins vote to be Nepal's prime minister |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-26116387 |work=BBC News |date=10 February 2014}}</ref> The [[Constitution of Nepal]] was finally adopted on 20 September 2015.<ref>{{cite news |title=Why is Nepal's new constitution controversial? |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-34280015 |work=BBC News |date=19 September 2015}}</ref>

On 25 April 2015, [[April 2015 Nepal earthquake|a devastating earthquake]] of [[Moment magnitude scale|moment magnitude]] of 7.8[[Moment magnitude scale|M<sub>w</sub>]] killed nearly 9,000 people and injured nearly 22,000. It was the worst natural disaster to strike the country since the [[1934 Nepal–Bihar earthquake]]. The earthquake also triggered [[2015 Mount Everest avalanches|an avalanche on Mount Everest]], killing 21. Centuries-old buildings including the UNESCO [[World Heritage Site]]s in the Kathmandu valley were destroyed. [[May 2015 Nepal earthquake|A major aftershock]] occurred on 12 May 2015 at <abbr>12:50 NST</abbr> with a moment magnitude (M<sub>w</sub>) of 7.3, killing more than 200 people and over 2,500 were injured by this aftershock, and many were left homeless. These events led to a [[Nepal humanitarian crisis (2015-2017)|major humanitarian crisis]] which affected the reconstruction after the earthquake.<ref>{{cite web |title=Asian Disaster Reduction Center（ADRC） |url=https://www.adrc.asia/acdr/2016/documents/01_Nepal_Nepal%20Earthquake%20ACDR2016.pdf |website=www.adrc.asia}}</ref>

Minority ethnic groups like [[Madhesi people|Madhesi]] and [[Tharu people|Tharu]] protested vigorously against the constitution which came into effect on 20 September 2015.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://blogs.wsj.com/briefly/2015/09/23/nepals-new-constitution-at-a-glance/|title = Nepal's New Constitution – at a Glance|newspaper = Wall Street Journal|date = 23 September 2015|last1 = Pokharel|first1 = Krishna}}</ref> They pointed out that their concerns had not been addressed and there were few explicit protections for their ethnic groups in the document. At least 56 civilians and 11 police died in clashes over the constitution.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-34280015|title=Why is Nepal's new constitution controversial?|work=BBC News |date=19 September 2015|access-date=30 January 2024}}</ref> In response to the Madhesi protests, [[2015 Nepal blockade|India suspended vital supplies to landlocked Nepal]], citing insecurity and violence in border areas.<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://time.com/4158284/nepal-constitution-amendment-madhesi-blockade-india/|title=Nepal Will Amend Constitution to End Border Blockade|magazine=Time|access-date=2018-01-23}}</ref> The then prime minister of Nepal, [[KP Sharma Oli]], publicly accused India for the blockade calling the act more inhumane than war.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Indian-blockade-more-inhuman-than-war-says-Nepal-PM-KP-Sharma-Oli/articleshow/49690974.cms|title=Indian blockade more inhuman than war, says Nepal PM KP Sharma Oli &#124; India News - Times of India|website=[[The Times of India]]|date=6 November 2015 }}</ref> India has denied enacting the blockade.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/content/505354/india-denies-imposing-economic-blockade.html|title = India denies imposing economic blockade on Nepal|date = 9 October 2015}}</ref> The blockade choked imports of not only petroleum, but also medicines and earthquake relief material.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Arora|first=Vishal|title=R.I.P., India's Influence in Nepal|url=https://thediplomat.com/2015/11/r-i-p-indias-influence-in-nepal/|access-date=2020-06-20|website=thediplomat.com|language=en-US}}</ref> The then [[Secretary-General of the United Nations|United Nations Secretary-General]], [[Ban Ki-moon]], alleged that the denial of petroleum and medicine to Nepal constituted a violation of human rights, adding to the humanitarian crisis.<ref>{{cite web|title=Right to Nepal's Right Path|url=http://www.bbc.com/nepali/news/2015/11/151111_free_transit_unsg|website=BBC News|date=11 November 2015|language=ne}}[https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=auto&tl=en&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnepali%2Fnews%2F2015%2F11%2F151111_free_transit_unsg Google Translation]</ref>

==== 2017 to present ====

In June 2017, [[Nepali Congress]] leader [[Sher Bahadur Deuba]] was elected the 40th Prime Minister of Nepal, succeeding Prime Minister and Chairman of [[CPN (Maoist Centre)]] [[Pushpa Kamal Dahal]]. Deuba had been previously Prime Minister from 1995 to 1997, from 2001 to 2002, and from 2004 to 2005.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kathmandupost.com/national/2017/06/06/sher-bahadur-deuba-elected-new-pm-of-nepal|title = Sher Bahadur Deuba elected 40th PM of Nepal}}</ref> In November 2017, Nepal had its [[2017 Nepalese general election|first general election]] since the civil war ended and the monarchy was abolished. The main alternatives were centrist Nepali Congress Party and the alliance of former Maoist rebels and the [[Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist–Leninist)|Communist UML]] party.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-42126210|title = Nepal election: First poll since civil war ended|work = BBC News|date = 26 November 2017}}</ref> The alliance of communists won the election, and UML leader [[Khadga Prasad Sharma Oli]] was sworn in February 2018 as the new Prime Minister. He had previously been Prime Minister since 2015 until 2016.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-south-asia-12511455|title = Nepal country profile|work = BBC News|date = 19 February 2018}}</ref>

In March 2018, President [[Bidya Devi Bhandari]], the candidate of the then-ruling Left alliance of the CPN-UML and CPN (Maoist Centre), was re-elected for a second term. The presidential post is mainly ceremonial.<ref>{{cite news |title=Bidya Devi Bhandari re-elected as Nepal President |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/international/bidya-devi-bhandari-re-elected-as-nepal-president/article23228780.ece |work=The Hindu |date=13 March 2018 |language=en-IN}}</ref>

In July 2021, Prime Minister Oli was replaced by [[Sher Bahadur Deuba]] after a constitutional crisis.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/china/nepals-new-pm-wins-confidence-vote-amid-coronavirus-crisis-2021-07-18/|title = Nepal's new PM wins confidence vote amid coronavirus crisis|newspaper = Reuters|date = 18 July 2021|last1 = Sharma|first1 = Gopal}}</ref>

In December 2022, former Maoist guerilla chief, [[Pushpa Kamal Dahal]] aka [[Prachanda]], became Nepal's new prime minister after the [[2022 Nepalese general election|general election]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Former Rebel Leader Becomes Nepal's New PM |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/former-rebel-leader-becomes-nepal-s-new-pm-/6890926.html |work=VOA |language=en}}</ref>

In March 2023, [[Ram Chandra Poudel|Ram Chandra Paudel]] of Nepali Congress was [[2023 Nepalese presidential election|elected]] as Nepal's third president to succeed Bidya Devi Bhandari.<ref>{{cite news |title=Nepal elects new president amid split in the governing coalition |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/3/9/nepal-elects-its-new-president-ram-chandra-paudel |work=www.aljazeera.com |language=en}}</ref>

On 15 July 2024, K. P. Sharma Oli was sworn in as Nepali Prime minister for fourth time. New coalition was formed between Nepali Congress, led by Sher Bahadur Deuba, and UML, led by Oli. The party leaders will take turns as prime ministers for 18 months each until the next general elections in 2027.<ref>{{cite news |title=Oli becomes prime minister for fourth time, swearing-in today |url=https://kathmandupost.com/national/2024/07/14/president-appoints-kp-sharma-oli-prime-minister |work=kathmandupost.com |language=English}}</ref>