Editing Guinea (section)

== Demography ==

{|class="wikitable" style="float: right; margin-left: 10px"
! colspan="4" style="text-align:center; background:#cfb;"|Population in Guinea{{UN_Population|ref}}
|-
! style="background:#cfb;"|Year
! style="background:#cfb;"|Million
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|1950 ||style="text-align:right;"|3.0
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|2000 ||style="text-align:right;"|8.8
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|{{UN_Population|Year}} ||style="text-align:right;"|{{#expr:{{formatnum:{{UN_Population|Guinea}}|R}}/1e6 round 1}}
|}
{{Main|Demography of Guinea}}

In 2021, the population of Guinea was estimated to be {{#expr:{{replace|{{UN_Population|Guinea}}|,||}}/1e6 round 1}}&nbsp;million. [[Conakry]], the capital and most populous city, is a hub of economy, commerce, education, and culture. In 2014, the [[total fertility rate]] (TFR) of Guinea was estimated at 4.93 children born per woman.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2127rank.html|title=The World Factbook|access-date=15 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091028133713/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2127rank.html|archive-date=28 October 2009|url-status=dead}}</ref>

{{Largest cities
| country      = Guinea
| stat_ref     = According to the 2014 census<ref>{{cite web |url=http://citypopulation.de/Guinea-Cities.html |title=Cities and Regions |website=Citypopulation.de |access-date=23 July 2021 }}</ref>
| list_by_pop  = 
| div_name     = Region
| div_link     =

| city_1 = Conakry
| div_1 = Conakry
| pop_1 = 1,660,973
| img_1 = Conakry.jpg

| city_2 = Nzérékoré
| div_2 = Nzérékoré
| pop_2 = 195,027
| img_2 = Nzerekore.jpg

| city_3 = Kankan
| div_3 = Kankan
| pop_3 = 190,722
| img_3 =

| city_4 = Manéah
| div_4 = Kindia
| pop_4 = 167,354
| img_4 =

| city_5 = Dubréka
| div_5 = Kindia
| pop_5 = 157,017

| city_6 = Kindia
| div_6 = Kindia
| pop_6 = 138,695

| city_7 = Siguiri
| div_7 = Kankan
| pop_7 = 127,492

| city_8 = Kissidougou
| div_8 = Faranah
| pop_8 = 99,931

| city_9 = Labé
| div_9 = Labé
| pop_9 = 92,654

| city_10 = Kamsar
| div_10 = Boké
| pop_10 = 83,428
}}

=== Ethnic Groups ===

The population of Guinea comprises about 24 ethnic groups. The [[Mandinka people|Mandinka]], also known as Mandingo or Malinké, comprise 29.4%<ref name="cia.gov">{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/guinea/ |title=The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency |publisher=Cia.gov |access-date=12 April 2018 }}</ref> of the population and are mostly found in eastern Guinea, concentrated around the [[Kankan Prefecture|Kankan]] and [[Kissidougou Prefecture|Kissidougou]] prefectures.<ref name=guinea_stats/> The [[Fula people|Fulas or Fulani]]<ref name="Fula" /> comprise 33.4%<ref name="cia.gov"/> of the population and are mostly found in the [[Futa Djallon]] region. The [[Soussou]], comprising 21.2% of the population, are predominantly in western areas around the capital [[Conakry]], [[Forécariah]], and [[Kindia]]. Smaller ethnic groups make up the remaining 16%<ref name="cia.gov"/> of the population, including [[Kpelle people|Kpelle]], [[Kissi people|Kissi]], [[Zialo]], Toma and others.<ref name=guinea_stats/> In 2017, approximately 10,000 non-Africans lived in Guinea, predominantly Lebanese, French, and other Europeans.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2824.htm |title=US State Dept 2017 report |website=State.gov |date=22 November 2016 |access-date=23 July 2017 }}</ref>

=== Languages ===

Many [[Languages of Guinea|languages are spoken in Guinea]]. The official language is [[French language|French]]. [[Pular language|Pular]] was the native language of 33.9% of the population in 2018, followed by [[Mandinka language|Mandingo]] with 29.4%. The third most spoken native language is the [[Susu language|Susu]], spoken by 21.2% of the population in 2018 as their first language. The remainder of the population has other native languages, including [[Kissi language|Kissi]] and [[Kpelle language|Kpelle]].<ref name="CIA Factbook1" />

=== Religion ===
{{Further|Religion in Guinea}}

{{bar box
|title=Guinea religious groups in 2020<ref name="thearda.com">{{Cite web|url=https://www.thearda.com/world-religion/national-profiles?u=101c|title=National Profiles &#124; World Religion|website=thearda.com}}</ref>
|titlebar=#ddd
|left1='''Religion'''
|right1='''Per cent'''
|float=right
|bars=
{{bar percent|Islam|lightgreen|86.8}}
{{bar percent|[[Traditional African religion]]|brown|9.42}}
{{bar percent|Christianity|blue|3.52}}
}}

[[File:Mosquée fayçal.jpg|thumb|The [[Grand Mosque of Conakry]] was built under [[Ahmed Sékou Touré]] with funding from [[Fahd of Saudi Arabia|King Fahd]] of [[Saudi Arabia]].]]

In 2023, the [[Association of Religion Data Archives]] (ARDA) reported that the population was 86.8% [[Islam|Muslim]], 3.52% [[Christianity|Christian]] and 9.42% [[animism|animist]].<ref name="thearda.com"/>  In the past Muslims and Christians have incorporated indigenous African beliefs into their outlook.<ref name="state.gov">[https://2009-2017.state.gov/documents/organization/208368.pdf "Guinea 2012 International Religious Freedom Report"], US State Department, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor.</ref>

The majority of Guinean Muslims are adherent to [[Sunni Islam]], of the [[Maliki]] school of jurisprudence, influenced by [[Sufism]].<ref>{{Cite journal |jstor = 3818383|title = A Sufi Interpretation of 'Le Regard du Roi'|journal = Research in African Literatures|volume = 14|issue = 2|pages = 135–164|last1 = Harrow|first1 = Kenneth|year = 1983}}</ref> Christian groups include [[Catholic Church|Roman Catholics]], [[Anglicanism|Anglicans]], [[Baptists]], [[Seventh-day Adventist Church|Seventh-day Adventists]], and [[Evangelicalism|Evangelical]] groups. [[Jehovah's Witnesses]] are active in the country and recognized by the Government. There is a [[Baháʼí Faith]] community. There are numbers of [[Hinduism|Hindus]], [[Buddhism|Buddhists]], and traditional Chinese religious groups among the [[expatriate]] community.<ref>[https://www.state.gov/reports/2022-report-on-international-religious-freedom/guinea/ US State Dept 2022 report] ''This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the [[public domain]].''</ref>

There were three days of ethno-religious fighting in the city of [[Nzerekore]] in July 2013.<ref name="Guinea 2013"/><ref name="bbc.com">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-23335719|title="Guinean troops deployed after deadly ethnic clashes", BBC Africa, 17 July 2013.|work=BBC News|access-date=15 October 2014|date=17 July 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141017234847/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-23335719|archive-date=17 October 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> Fighting between ethnic [[Kpelle people|Kpelle]] who are Christian or animist, and ethnic Konianke who are Muslims and close to the larger [[Malinke]] ethnic group, left at least 54 dead.<ref name="bbc.com"/> The dead included people who were killed with machetes and burned alive.<ref name="bbc.com"/> The violence ended after the Guinean military imposed a curfew, and President Conde made a televised appeal for calm.<ref name="bbc.com"/> In 2021, violence was limited to Kendoumaya, Lower Guinea, and mainly concerned a land rights dispute between locals and a monastery.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.state.gov/reports/2022-report-on-international-religious-freedom/guinea/|title=US State Dept 2022 report}}</ref>

=== Education ===
{{Main|Education in Guinea}}

In 2010, it was estimated that 41% of adults were literate (52% of males and 30% of females).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2103.html|title=The World Factbook|access-date=15 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161124171442/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2103.html|archive-date=24 November 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> Primary education is compulsory for 6 years.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/humanrightsreport/index.htm?year=2015&dlid=252689|title=Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2015: Guinea|access-date=19 November 2016|author=Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor|publisher=[[United States Department of State]]|author-link=Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor}}</ref> In 1999, primary school attendance was 40% and children, particularly girls, were kept out of school to assist their parents with domestic work or agriculture<ref>[http://www.dol.gov/ilab/media/reports/iclp/tda2001/guinea.htm Bureau of International Labor Affairs (ILAB) 2001 – U.S. Department of Labor] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081205042438/http://www.dol.gov/ilab/media/reports/iclp/tda2001/guinea.htm |date=5 December 2008 }}. Dol.gov. Retrieved 28 June 2011.</ref> or to be married. In 2015, Guinea had "one of the highest rates" of [[child marriage]] in the world.<ref>According to the WHO:"The 10 countries with the highest rates of child marriage are: Niger, 75%; Chad and Central African Republic, 68%; India, 66%; '''Guinea, 63%'''; Mozambique, 56%; Mali, 55%; Burkina Faso and South Sudan, 52%; and Malawi, 50%."[https://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2013/child_marriage_20130307/en/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150424050514/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2013/child_marriage_20130307/en/|date=24 April 2015}}</ref>

=== Health ===
{{Further|Health in Guinea}}

==== Ebola ====
{{Further|Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa}}

In 2014, an outbreak of the [[Ebola virus epidemic in Guinea|Ebola virus occurred in Guinea]], first started in a village called Meliandou.<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 September 2015 |title=Ground zero in Guinea: the Ebola outbreak smoulders – undetected – for more than 3 months |url=https://www.who.int/news/item/04-09-2015-ground-zero-in-guinea-the-ebola-outbreak-smoulders-undetected-for-more-than-3-months |access-date=2024-10-11 |website=World Health Organization |language=en}}</ref> In response, the health ministry banned [[Bushmeat|the sale and consumption of bats]], thought to be carriers of the disease. The virus eventually spread from rural areas to Conakry,<ref>{{cite news | date= 28 March 2014 | title= Ebola: Guinea outbreak reaches capital Conakry | url= https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-26774343 | publisher= BBC | access-date= 30 March 2014 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140330024741/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-26774343 | archive-date= 30 March 2014 | url-status= live | df= dmy-all }}</ref> and by June 2014, had spread to Sierra Leone and Liberia. In August 2014, Guinea closed its borders to Sierra Leone and Liberia, as more new cases of the disease were being reported in those countries than in Guinea.

"Unsafe burials" is a source of the transmission of the disease. The World Health Organization (WHO) reported that the inability to engage with local communities hindered the ability of health workers to trace the origins and strains of the virus.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://apps.who.int/ebola/current-situation/ebola-situation-report-4-march-2015|title= Ebola Situation Report – 4 March 2015 {{!}} Ebola|website= apps.who.int|access-date= 14 February 2017|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170301084553/http://apps.who.int/ebola/current-situation/ebola-situation-report-4-march-2015|archive-date= 1 March 2017|url-status= dead}}</ref> While WHO terminated the [[Public health emergency of international concern|Public Health Emergency of International Concern]] (PHEIC) on 29 March 2016,<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/statements/2016/end-of-ebola-pheic/en/|title= Ebola is no longer a public health emergency|website= World Health Organization|access-date= 14 February 2017|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160331231040/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/statements/2016/end-of-ebola-pheic/en/|archive-date= 31 March 2016|url-status= live}}</ref> the Ebola Situation Report released on 30 March confirmed 5 more cases in the preceding 2 weeks, with viral sequencing relating 1 of the cases to the November 2014 outbreak.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://apps.who.int/ebola/current-situation/ebola-situation-report-30-march-2016|title= Ebola Situation Report – 30 March 2016 {{!}} Ebola|website= apps.who.int|access-date= 14 February 2017|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160613210509/http://apps.who.int/ebola/current-situation/ebola-situation-report-30-march-2016|archive-date= 13 June 2016|url-status= dead}}</ref> Healthcare visits by the population declined due to fear of infection and to mistrust in the health-care system, and the system's ability to provide routine health-care and HIV/AIDS treatments decreased due to the Ebola outbreak.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Ndawinz |first1=Jacques D A |last2=Cissé |first2=Mohamed |last3=Diallo |first3=Mohamadou S K |last4=Sidibé |first4=Cheik T |last5=D'Ortenzio |first5=Eric |title=Prevention of HIV spread during the Ebola outbreak in Guinea |journal=The Lancet |date=April 2015 |volume=385 |issue=9976 |pages=1393 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(15)60713-9 |pmid=25890415 |s2cid=41478740 |url=http://www.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/lancet/PIIS0140-6736(15)60713-9.pdf}}</ref>

Ebola re-emerged again in Guinea in January–February 2021.<ref>
{{cite news
| title            = Guinea declares Ebola epidemic: First deaths since 2016
| url              = https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-56060728
| department       = Africa
| work             = BBC News
| publisher        = BBC
| publication-date = 14 February 2021
| access-date      = 15 February 2021
| quote            = Guinea has officially declared that it is dealing with an Ebola epidemic after the deaths of at least three people from the virus. <br /> They – and four others – fell ill with diarrhoea, vomiting and bleeding after attending the burial of a nurse. [...] A nurse who worked a health centre in Goueké, near the south-eastern city of Nzérékoré, died on 28 January and her funeral was held four days later.
}}
</ref>

==== HIV/AIDS ====
{{Main|HIV/AIDS in Guinea}}

An estimated 170,000 adults and children were infected at the end of 2004.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.who.int/hiv/HIVCP_GIN.pdf |title=Status of HIV/AIDS in Guinea, 2005 |access-date=30 September 2007 |year=2005 |publisher=World Health Organization |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090805150456/http://www.who.int/hiv/HIVCP_GIN.pdf |archive-date=5 August 2009 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.who.int/GlobalAtlas/predefinedReports/EFS2006/EFS_PDFs/EFS2006_GN.pdf |title=Epidemiological Fact Sheets: HIV/AIDS and Sexually Transmitted Infections, December 2006 |access-date=30 September 2007 |date=December 2006 |publisher=World Health Organization |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071025053159/http://www.who.int/GlobalAtlas/predefinedReports/EFS2006/EFS_PDFs/EFS2006_GN.pdf |archive-date=25 October 2007 }}</ref> Surveillance surveys conducted in 2001 and 2002 show higher rates of HIV in urban areas than in rural areas. Prevalence was highest in [[Conakry]] (5%) and in the cities of the [[Forest Guinea]] region (7%) bordering [[Côte d'Ivoire]], [[Liberia]], and [[Sierra Leone]].<ref name=usaid>{{citation-attribution|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20081113214710/http://www.usaid.gov/our_work/global_health/aids/Countries/africa/guinea_05.pdf "Health Profile: Guinea"]. [[USAID]] (March 2005).}}</ref>

[[HIV]] is spread primarily through [[Multiple sex partners|multiple-partner intercourse]]. Men and women are at nearly equal risk for HIV, with people aged 15 to 24 most vulnerable. Surveillance figures from 2001 to 2002 show the rates among commercial sex workers (42%), active military personnel (6.6%), truck drivers and bush taxi drivers (7.3%), miners (4.7%), and adults with [[tuberculosis]] (8.6%).<ref name=usaid/> Several factors were attributed to what fuel the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Guinea. They include unprotected sex, multiple sexual partners, illiteracy, endemic poverty, unstable borders, refugee migration, lack of civic responsibility, and scarce medical care and public services.<ref name="usaid" />

==== Malaria ====
[[Malaria]] is transmitted year-round, with peak transmission from July through October.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pmi.gov/docs/default-source/default-document-library/malaria-operational-plans/fy14/guinea_mop_fy14.pdf?sfvrsn=8 |title=Archived copy |access-date=24 August 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140826120928/http://www.pmi.gov/docs/default-source/default-document-library/malaria-operational-plans/fy14/guinea_mop_fy14.pdf?sfvrsn=8 |archive-date=26 August 2014 }}</ref> It is a cause of disability in Guinea.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.healthdata.org/sites/default/files/files/country_profiles/GBD/ihme_gbd_country_report_guinea.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=24 August 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140826120427/http://www.healthdata.org/sites/default/files/files/country_profiles/GBD/ihme_gbd_country_report_guinea.pdf |archive-date=26 August 2014 }}</ref>

==== COVID-19 pandemic ====
{{Main|COVID-19 pandemic in Guinea}}

The first case of [[COVID-19]] was reported in Guinea on 13 March 2020.<ref name="First">{{Cite web |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/health-coronavirus-guinea/eu-employee-tests-positive-for-coronavirus-in-guineas-first-case-idUSL8N2B46DI |title=EU employee tests positive for coronavirus in Guinea's first case |date=13 March 2020 |work=Reuters}}</ref> By the end of 2020, the total number of confirmed cases was 13,722. Of these, 13,141 had recovered, 500 were active, and 81 people had died.<ref>{{cite web|title=COVID-19 and W/Africa: 1,994 new cases, 31 new deaths in 24 hours|url=http://apanews.net/en/news/covid-19-and-wafrica-1994-new-cases-31-new-deaths-in-24-hours|publisher=APA|access-date=2 January 2021|date=31 December 2020}}</ref>

==== Maternal and child healthcare ====
The 2021 maternal mortality rate per 100,000 births for Guinea is 576.<ref>{{cite web |date=21 May 2021 |title=Impact Brief: Guinea |url=https://www.usaid.gov/global-health/health-areas/family-planning/resources/impact-brief-guinea |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221028205848/https://www.usaid.gov/global-health/health-areas/family-planning/resources/impact-brief-guinea |archive-date=28 October 2022 |access-date=28 October 2022}}</ref> This is compared with 680 in 2010, 859.9 in 2008 and 964.7 in 1990. The under 5 mortality rate per 1,000 births is 146 and the neonatal mortality as a percentage of under 5's mortality is 29. In Guinea, the number of midwives per 1,000 live births is 1 and the lifetime risk of death for pregnant women is 1 in 26.<ref name="SOWMY">{{cite web |title=The State of the World's Midwifery |url=http://www.unfpa.org/sowmy/report/home.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111225024306/http://www.unfpa.org/sowmy/report/home.html |archive-date=25 December 2011 |access-date=25 August 2011 |publisher=United Nations Population Fund}}</ref> Guinea has the second highest prevalence of [[female genital mutilation]] in the world.<ref>{{cite web |title=WHO – Female genital mutilation and other harmful practices |url=https://www.who.int/reproductivehealth/topics/fgm/prevalence/en/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141012192739/http://www.who.int/reproductivehealth/topics/fgm/prevalence/en/ |archive-date=12 October 2014 |access-date=15 October 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=22 July 2013 |title=Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting: A statistical overview and exploration of the dynamics of change – UNICEF DATA |url=http://www.unicef.org/media/files/FGCM_Lo_res.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150405083031/http://www.unicef.org/media/files/FGCM_Lo_res.pdf |archive-date=5 April 2015 |access-date=23 July 2017 |website=Unicef.org}}</ref>

==== Malnutrition ====
A 2012 study reported malnutrition rates with levels ranging from 34% to 40% by region, and acute malnutrition rates above 10% in Upper Guinea's mining zones. The survey showed that 139,200 children underwent acute malnutrition, 609,696 underwent chronic malnutrition and further 1,592,892 have [[anemia]]. Degradation of care practices, limited access to medical services, inadequate hygiene practices and a lack of food diversity were said to explain these levels.<ref>{{cite web |year=2012 |title=Enquête nationale nutrition-santé, basée sur la méthodologie SMART, 2011–2012 |url=http://home.wfp.org/stellent/groups/public/documents/eb/wfpdoc062106.pdf |access-date=12 May 2014 |publisher=World Food Programme}}{{Dead link|date=August 2018|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref>