Editing Gerund (section)

====Verbs followed by either "gerund" or ''to''-infinitive pattern====
Like the ''-ing'' suffix, the ''to''-infinitive spread historically from a narrow original use, a prepositional phrase referring to future time. Like the ''-ing'' form it spread to all English verbs and to form non-finite clauses. Like the ''-ing'' form, it spread by analogy to use with words of similar meaning.

A number of verbs now belong in more than one class in their choice of 'complementation'.

=====Patterns 4a and 3a: ''I remember seeing her come'' and ''She remembered to come''=====

:Verbs in both 'START' AND 'STOP' (''-ing'') GROUP and 'BEGIN' (''to''-infinitive) GROUPS
::''begin, cease, come, commence, continue, get, start,'' 
::Also ''go on'' — with different meanings
:::''She went on singing'' — 'She continued singing'
:::''She went on to sing'' — 'Afterwards, she sang'
:::''She went on at me to sing'' — 'She nagged me to sing' (i.e. that I should sing)
::Superficially, ''stop'' appears to be used in the 3a (''to''-infinitive) pattern
:::''She stopped to sing'' — 'She stopped in order to sing'
::However, the phrase ''to sing'' is quite separate and separable
::: ''She stopped for a moment to sing''
::: ''She stopped what she was doing to sing''
:: And the phrase may be used in all manner of sentences
:::''She travelled to Paris to sing''
:::''She abandoned her husband and her children to sing''

:Verbs in both 'DREAD' AND LOOK FORWARD TO' (''-ing'') GROUP and 'HOPE' (''to''-infinitive) GROUPS
::''dread, fear''

:Verb in both 'CONSIDER' (''-ing'') GROUP and 'HOPE' (''to''-infinitive) GROUPS
::''intend''

:Verb in both 'REMEMBER' (''-ing'') GROUP and 'MANAGE' (''to''-infinitive) GROUPS
::''remember'' — with different meanings
:::''I remembered going'' —'I remembered that I had previously gone'
:::''I remembered to go'' —'I remembered that I had to go, so I did go'

:Verbs in both 'NEED' (''-ing'') GROUP and 'NEED' (''to''-infinitive) GROUPS
::''deserve, need''

=====Patterns 4a, 4b, 3a and 3b: ''I remember coming'', ''She remembered to come'', ''I remember her coming'' and ''I reminded her to come''=====
:Verbs in both 'LIKE AND DISLIKE' (''-ing'') and WITH OBJECT (''to''-infinitive) GROUPS
::''hate, like, love, prefer''
::Unlike other Pattern 3b verbs, the object is indivisible
:::''He hates his wife to stand out in a crowd'' does not mean ''He hates his wife''
::With ''would'' there is often a difference of meaning
:::''I like living in Ambridge'' — 'I live in Ambridge, and I like it'
:::''I would like to live in Ambridge'' — 'I don't live in Ambridge, but I have a desire to live there in the future'
:::''I would like living in Ambridge'' — 'I don't live in Ambridge, but if I ever did live there, I would enjoy it'
::There is an apparent similarity between
:::''I like boxing'' — 'I box and I enjoy it'
:::''I like boxing'' — 'I watch other people boxing and I enjoy it'
::However, only the former meaning is possible with an extended non-finite clause
:::''I like boxing with an experienced opponent'' — 'I like it when I box with an experienced opponent'

=====Patterns 4a and 3b: ''I remember coming'' and ''I reminded her to come''=====
:Verbs in both 'RECOMMEND' (''-ing'') and 'TELL' or 'NAG' AND 'COAX'(''to''-infinitive) GROUPS
::advise, forbid, recommend, urge
::These verbs do not admit ''-ing'' Pattern 4b with a word serving as object of the RECOMMEND verb. However they can be used with a possessive 'subject' of the ''-ing'' form.
:::''I advised leaving'' — 'I advised somebody (unidentified) that we (or the person or people we have in mind) should leave'
:::''I advised him to leave'' — 'I advised him that he should leave' but '''not''' *''I advised him leaving''
:::''I advised his leaving'' — 'I advised somebody (unidentified) that he should leave

:Verbs in both 'CONSIDER' (''-ing'') and 'BELIEVE' or 'EXPECT' (''to''-infinitive) GROUPS
::''consider, intend''

=====Patterns 4b and 3b: ''I remember her coming'' and ''I reminded her to come''=====

:Verbs in both the 'SEE ' (''-ing'') and 'OBSERVE' (''to''-infinitive) GROUPS
::''hear, see, observe''
::The ''to''-infinitive pattern occurs in passive clauses, e.g., ''She was seen to come.''
::Corresponding active clauses use the bare infinitive pattern, e.g., ''We saw her come.''

:Verbs in both the 'SEE ' (''-ing'') and 'BELIEVE' (''to-''infinitive) GROUPS
::''feel, find, show'' (usually passive)

:Verb in both the 'ENTAIL' subgroup (''-ing'') and the 'EXPECT' (''to''-infinitive) GROUPS
::''mean'' — with different meanings
:::''That means her going tomorrow'' — 'In that case she'll go tomorrow'
:::''We mean her to go tomorrow'' — 'We intend that she'll go tomorrow'
:::''She's meant to be here tomorrow'' — 'It is intended that she'll be here tomorrow'
:::''She's meant to be here now'' — 'It was intended that she should be here now, but she isn't'

=====Patterns 5a and 3a: ''She kept coming'' and ''She remembered to come''=====
:Verb in both the 'TRY' (''-ing'') and 'TRY' (''to''-infinitive) GROUPS
::''try'' — with different meanings
:::''She tried leaving'' — 'She left in order to see what might happen (or how she might feel)'
:::''She tried to leave'' — 'She attempted to leave'