Editing Garnet (section)

===Gemstones===
Red garnets were the most commonly used gemstones in the [[Late Antique]] [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] world, and the [[Migration Period art]] of the "[[barbarian]]" peoples who took over the territory of the [[Western Roman Empire]].  They were especially used inlaid in gold cells in the [[cloisonné]] technique, a style often just called garnet cloisonné, found from [[Anglo-Saxon]] England, as at [[Sutton Hoo]], to the [[Black Sea]]. Thousands of Tamraparniyan gold, silver and red garnet shipments were made in the [[old world]], including to Rome, Greece, the Middle East, [[Serica]] and Anglo Saxons; recent findings such as the [[Staffordshire Hoard]] and the pendant of the [[Winfarthing]] Woman skeleton of [[Norfolk]] confirm an established gem trade route with [[South India]] and [[Tamraparni]] (ancient [[Sri Lanka]]), known from antiquity for its production of gemstones.<ref>{{cite web |title=Staffordshire Hoard Festival 2019 |url=http://www.stokemuseums.org.uk/pmag/staffordshire-hoard-festival/ |website=The Potteries Museum & Art Gallery |access-date=18 June 2019 |archive-date=18 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190618004857/http://www.stokemuseums.org.uk/pmag/staffordshire-hoard-festival/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=A trail of garnet and gold: Sri Lanka to Anglo-Saxon England |url=https://www.history.org.uk/publications/resource/9204/a-trail-of-garnet-and-gold-sri-lanka-to-anglo-sax |website=The Historical Association |access-date=18 June 2019 |language=en |date=22 June 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Acquisitions of the month: June 2018 |url=https://www.apollo-magazine.com/acquisitions-of-the-month-june-2018/ |website=Apollo Magazine |access-date=18 June 2019 |date=5 July 2018}}</ref>

Pure crystals of garnet are still used as gemstones. The gemstone varieties occur in shades of green, red, yellow, and orange.<ref>[http://www.geo.utexas.edu/courses/347k/redesign/gem_notes/garnet/garnet_main.htm Geological Sciences at University of Texas, Austin]. Geo.utexas.edu. Retrieved on 2011-12-25.</ref> In the United States it is known as the [[birthstone]] for January.<ref name="GRG">[[Gemological Institute of America]], ''GIA Gem Reference Guide'' 1995, {{ISBN|0-87311-019-6}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jewellers-online.org/pages/tips.php?id=2&idnew=2 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070528103836/http://www.jewellers-online.org/pages/tips.php?id=2&idnew=2 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2007-05-28 |title=Tips & Tools: Birthstones |publisher=The National Association of Goldsmiths |access-date=2014-06-16 }}</ref><ref>Kunz, George F. (1913). The curious lore of precious stones. Lippincott. pp. 275–306, pp. 319-320</ref>  It is also the birthstone of [[Aquarius (astrology)|Aquarius]] and [[Capricorn (astrology)|Capricorn]] in [[tropical astrology]].<ref>Knuth, Bruce G. (2007). Gems in Myth, Legend and Lore (Revised edition). Parachute: Jewelers Press. p. 294.</ref><ref>Kunz (1913), pp. 345–347</ref> The garnet family is one of the most complex in the gem world. It is not a single species, but is composed of multiple species and varieties.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Garnet Value, Price, and Jewelry Information|url=https://www.gemsociety.org/article/garnet-jewelry-and-gemstone-information/|access-date=2021-11-16|website=International Gem Society|language=en}}</ref> 

[[Almandine]] garnet is the state mineral of [[Connecticut]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ct.gov/ctportal/cwp/view.asp?a=885&q=246586 |title=State of Connecticut – Sites, Seals and Symbols |access-date=2009-11-12 |publisher=State of Connecticut}}</ref><ref>[http://www.sots.ct.gov/sots/cwp/view.asp?A=3188&QUESTION_ID=392608 State of Connecticut, Sites º Seals º Symbols] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080731053844/http://www.sots.ct.gov/sots/cwp/view.asp?A=3188&QUESTION_ID=392608 |date=2008-07-31 }}; ''Connecticut State Register & Manual''; retrieved on December 20, 2008</ref> star garnet is the state gemstone of [[Idaho]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://gov.idaho.gov/fyi/symbols/symbols_index.html |title=Idaho Symbols |access-date=2009-11-12 |publisher=State of Idaho |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100630201842/http://gov.idaho.gov/fyi/symbols/symbols_index.html |archive-date=2010-06-30 }}</ref> garnet is the state gemstone of [[New York (state)|New York]],<ref name="Minerals of New York State">{{cite web |url=http://www.nysl.nysed.gov/reference/emblems.htm |title=Minerals of New York State | access-date=2022-02-25 |publisher=State of New York}}</ref><ref>[http://www.statesymbolsusa.org/New_York/gem_garnet.html New York State Gem] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071208172833/http://www.statesymbolsusa.org/New_York/gem_garnet.html |date=2007-12-08 }}; ''State Symbols USA''; retrieved on October 12, 2007</ref> and [[grossular]] garnet is the state gemstone of [[Vermont]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://libraries.vermont.gov/general/emblems |title=Vermont Emblems |access-date=2009-11-12 |publisher=State of Vermont |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091029073002/http://libraries.vermont.gov/general/emblems |archive-date=2009-10-29 }}</ref>