Editing Frankfurt (section)

==Economy and business==

[[File:Deutsche-boerse-parkett-ffm001.jpg|thumb|{{Lang|de|[[Deutsche Börse]]|italic=no}} trading floor in Frankfurt]]
Frankfurt is one of the world's most important financial hubs and Germany's financial capital, followed by [[Hamburg]] and [[Stuttgart]]. Frankfurt was ranked eighth at the [[Financial centre#Xinhua–Dow Jones Index (2010–2014)|International Financial Centers Development Index]] (2013), eighth at the [[Worldwide Centres of Commerce Index]] (2008), ninth at the [[Global Financial Centres Index]] (September 2013),<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.longfinance.net/Publications/GFCI%2012.5.pdf |title=The Global Financial Centres Index 12.5 |date=January 2013 |publisher=Long Finance |access-date=29 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130123231140/http://www.longfinance.net/Publications/GFCI%2012.5.pdf |archive-date=23 January 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref> tenth at the [[Global city#Global Power City Index|Global Power City Index]] (2011), 11th at the [[Global city#Global City Competitiveness Index|Global City Competitiveness Index]] (2012), 12th at the Innovation Cities Index (2011),<ref>{{Cite web|date=18 October 2011|title=Innovation Cities Top 100 Index 2011|url=https://innovation-cities.com/innovation-cities-index-top-cities-for-innovation-2011/1649/|website=Innovation Cities™ Index|language=en-US|archive-date=7 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230107134327/https://innovation-cities.com/innovation-cities-index-top-cities-for-innovation-2011/1649/|url-status=live}}</ref> 14th at the [[Global city#World City Survey|World City Survey]] (2011) and 23rd at the [[Global city#Global Cities Index (Kearney)|Global Cities Index]] (2012).<ref name="Foreign Policy">{{cite magazine |url=http://www.atkearney.com/documents/10192/dfedfc4c-8a62-4162-90e5-2a3f14f0da3a |title=The 2012 Global Cities Index |magazine=Foreign Policy |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020223227/http://www.atkearney.com/documents/10192/dfedfc4c-8a62-4162-90e5-2a3f14f0da3a |archive-date=20 October 2013}}</ref>

The city's importance as a financial hub has risen since the [[eurozone crisis]]. Indications are the establishment of two institutions of the [[European System of Financial Supervisors]] ([[European Insurance and Occupational Pensions Authority]] and [[European Systemic Risk Board]]) in 2011, and the entry into force in 2014 of [[European Banking Supervision]], by which the European Central Bank has become the central supervisory authority for the euro area banking sector.

According to an annual study by [[Cushman & Wakefield]], the European Cities Monitor (2010), Frankfurt has been one of the top three cities for international companies in Europe, after London and Paris, since the survey started in 1990.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cushwake.com/sites/landing/citiesmonitor/European-cities-monitor-2009-holding.pdf |title=ECM 2009v1:V1 |access-date=5 October 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110922030005/http://www.cushwake.com/sites/landing/citiesmonitor/European-cities-monitor-2009-holding.pdf |archive-date=22 September 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref> It is the only German city considered to be an [[Global city#GaWC study|alpha world city (category 3)]] as listed by the [[Loughborough University]] group's 2010 inventory,<ref name="Beaverstock">{{cite web |url=http://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/world2010t.html |title=The World According to GaWC 2010 |publisher=Globalization and World Cities |first1=J.V. |last1=Beaverstock |first2=R.G. |last2=Smith |first3=P.J. |last3=Taylor |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131010004859/http://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/world2010t.html |archive-date=10 October 2013}}</ref> which was a promotion from the group's 2008 inventory when it was ranked as an alpha minus world city (category 4).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/world2008t.html |title=GaWC 2008 |publisher=Lboro.ac.uk |date=13 April 2010 |access-date=17 February 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200117133459/https://www.lboro.ac.uk/gawc/world2008t.html |archive-date=17 January 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref>

With over 922 jobs per 1,000 inhabitants, Frankfurt has the highest concentration of jobs in Germany. On work days and Saturdays, one million people commute from all over the [[Rhein-Main Region|Rhein-Main-Area]]. The GRP per capita was €96,670 in 2019.<ref>{{cite web|title=Kreise mit dem höchsten Bruttoinlandsprodukt (BIP)¹ je Einwohner im Jahr 2019|url=https://de.statista.com/statistik/daten/studie/1186514/umfrage/top-kreise-bruttoinlandsprodukt-je-einwohner/|access-date=20 August 2022|archive-date=26 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220926131513/https://de.statista.com/statistik/daten/studie/1186514/umfrage/top-kreise-bruttoinlandsprodukt-je-einwohner/|url-status=live}}</ref>

The city is expected to benefit from international banks relocating jobs from London to Frankfurt as a result of Brexit to retain access to the EU market.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2017/dec/11/brexit-city-of-london-jobs-ey-dublin-frankfurt |title=Brexit: City of London will lose 10,500 jobs on day one, says EY |last=Treanor |first=Jill |date=11 December 2017 |work=The Guardian |access-date=27 December 2017 |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180129124608/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2017/dec/11/brexit-city-of-london-jobs-ey-dublin-frankfurt |archive-date=29 January 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Bloomberg.com">{{Cite news |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/graphics/2017-brexit-bankers/ |title=Here's Where London Bankers Are Moving After Brexit |work=Bloomberg.com |access-date=27 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171227130546/https://www.bloomberg.com/graphics/2017-brexit-bankers/ |archive-date=27 December 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> Thus far, Morgan Stanley, Citigroup Inc., Standard Chartered Plc and Nomura Holdings Inc. announced they would move their EU headquarters to Frankfurt.<ref name="Bloomberg.com" />

===Central banks===
[[File:European Central Bank - building under construction - Frankfurt - Germany - 14.jpg|thumb|The new headquarters of the European Central Bank in the Ostend district]]
Frankfurt is home to two important [[central bank]]s: the German Bundesbank and the European Central Bank (ECB).<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.politico.eu/article/tower-envy-frankfurt-may-be-home-to-one-central-bank-too-many/ |title=Tower envy: Frankfurt may be home to one central bank too many |date=10 August 2017 |work=POLITICO |access-date=27 December 2017 |language=en-US |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171227235808/https://www.politico.eu/article/tower-envy-frankfurt-may-be-home-to-one-central-bank-too-many/ |archive-date=27 December 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref>

====European Central Bank====
[[File:Euro-Symbol von Ottmar Hörl, vor dem Gebäude der EZB in Frankfurt am Main.jpg|left|thumb|159x159px|[[Euro-Skulptur]]]]
The European Central Bank (''Europäische Zentralbank'') is one of the world's most important central banks with a balance sheet total of around 7 trillion.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.infina.at/trends/ezb-bilanzsumme/ | title=EZB-Bilanzsumme: Entwicklung und Prognose &#124; INFINA | access-date=18 July 2024 | archive-date=18 July 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240718044416/https://www.infina.at/trends/ezb-bilanzsumme/ | url-status=live }}</ref> The ECB sets monetary policy for the Eurozone, consisting of 19 [[Member state of the European Union|EU member states]] that have adopted the [[Euro]] (€) as their common currency. From 1998 the ECB Headquarters have been located in Frankfurt, first in the [[Eurotower (Frankfurt)|Eurotower]] at Willy-Brandt-Platz and in two other nearby high-rises. The new [[Seat of the European Central Bank]] in the [[Ostend (Frankfurt am Main)|Ostend]] district, consisting of the former wholesale market hall (''[[Großmarkthalle]]'') and a newly built 185-meter skyscraper, was completed in late 2014. The new building complex was designed to accommodate up to 2,300 ECB personnel. The location is a few kilometers away from downtown and borders an industrial area as well as the Osthafen (''East Harbor''), It was primarily chosen because of its large premises which allows the ECB to install security arrangements without high fences.

The city honors the importance of the ECB by officially using the slogan "The City of the Euro" since 1998.

====Deutsche Bundesbank====
The {{lang|de|[[Deutsche Bundesbank]]|italic=no}} (German Federal Bank), located in [[Bockenheim (Frankfurt am Main)|Ginnheim]], was established in 1957 as the central bank for the Federal Republic of Germany. Until the euro (€) was introduced in 1999, the Deutsche Bundesbank was responsible for the monetary policy of Germany and for the German currency, the [[Deutsche Mark]] (DM). The Bundesbank was greatly respected for its control of inflation through the second half of the 20th century. Today the Bundesbank is an integral part of the [[European System of Central Banks]] (ESCB) which is formed by all 27 EU member states. Its bilance sheet total is around 2,7 trillion,<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.bundesbank.de/de/bundesbank/organisation/die-bundesbank-in-zahlen/die-bundesbank-in-zahlen-604102 | title=Die Bundesbank in Zahlen | access-date=18 July 2024 | archive-date=18 July 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240718044854/https://www.bundesbank.de/de/bundesbank/organisation/die-bundesbank-in-zahlen/die-bundesbank-in-zahlen-604102 | url-status=live }}</ref> making it the 4th biggest central bank.

===Commercial banks===
[[File:Deutsche Bank Taunusanlage.jpg|thumb|[[Deutsche Bank Twin Towers]]]]
[[File:Westendtower-5.JPG|thumb|[[Westend Tower]], also known as ''Westendstraße 1'' or ''Crown Tower'', headquarters of DZ Bank]]
[[File:OpernturmVoll.jpg|thumb|[[Opernturm]], headquarters of UBS Germany, at the Opernplatz]]
In 2010, 63 national and 152 international banks had a registered office, including the headquarters of the major German banks, as well as 41 offices of international banks.<ref name="Internetredaktion-2012"/> Frankfurt is therefore known as Bankenstadt ("City of the banks") and nicknamed "Mainhattan" (a [[portmanteau]] of the local [[Main (river)|Main]] river and [[Manhattan]] in New York City) or "Bankfurt". 73,200 people were employed at banks in 2010.
*'''[[Deutsche Bank]]''' — Germany's largest [[commercial bank]]. It had 15% share of private customers and total assets of €1,900&nbsp;billion in 2010. Deutsche Bank ranks among the 30 largest banks in the world and the ten largest banks in Europe.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.manager-magazin.de/unternehmen/artikel/0,2828,623219,00.html |title=Größte Banken der Welt |date=6 May 2009 |publisher=Manager-magazin.de |access-date=3 October 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120405162347/http://www.manager-magazin.de/unternehmen/artikel/0,2828,623219,00.html |archive-date=5 April 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref> Deutsche Bank is listed on the [[DAX]], the [[stock market index]] of the 30 largest German business companies at the Frankfurt Stock Exchange. In November 2010 Deutsche Bank bought the majority of shares of competitor [[Deutsche Postbank|Postbank]]. Its [[Deutsche Bank Twin Towers|headquarters]] are located at Taunusanlage in the financial district.
*'''[[DZ Bank]]''' — Central institution for more than 900 [[Cooperative banking|co-operative banks]] (''[[Bundesverband der Deutschen Volksbanken und Raiffeisenbanken|Volksbanken und Raiffeisenbanken]]'') and their 12,000 branch offices in Germany and is a corporate and investment bank. It is Germany's second-largest bank (total assets: €509 billion). The DZ Bank Group defines itself primarily as a service provider for the local Volksbanken and Raiffeisenbanken and their 30 million clients. The DZ Bank headquarters are the [[Westend Tower]] and the [[City-Haus]] at Platz der Republik. The DZ Bank Group includes [[Union Investment]], DVB Bank and [[Reisebank]], which are also headquartered in Frankfurt.
*'''[[KfW|KfW Bankengruppe]]''' — Government-owned development bank formed in 1948 as part of the [[Marshall Plan]]. KfW provides loans for approved purposes at lower rates than commercial banks, especially to medium-sized businesses. With total assets of €507&nbsp;billion (2017), it is Germany's third-largest bank. The KfW headquarters are located in the [[Westend (Frankfurt am Main)|Westend]] district at Bockenheimer Landstraße and Senckenberganlage.
*'''[[Commerzbank]]''' — Germany's fourth-largest bank by total assets (2017). In 2009, Commerzbank merged with competitor [[Dresdner Bank]], then the third-largest German bank. Due to the merger and the higher credit risks, Commerzbank was 25% [[Nationalization|nationalized]] during the [[Great Recession]]. It is listed in the DAX. Its headquarters are at [[Commerzbank Tower]] (259 meters), the second-tallest building in the EU, at Kaiserplatz.
*'''[[Helaba|Landesbank Hessen-Thüringen]]''' – Landesbank Hessen-Thüringen, or short '''Helaba''', is a commercial bank owned by the states of [[Hesse]] and [[Thuringia]] (''[[Landesbank]]''). As such, it is a service provider for the local [[Sparkasse (Germany)|Sparkasse]]n. Helaba is one of nine ''Landesbanken'' and is the fifth-largest in Germany. It is located in the 200-meter-tall [[Main Tower]] in the financial district, the only skyscraper in Frankfurt with an observation desk open to the public.
*'''[[DekaBank]]''' – DekaBank is the central asset manager of the ''Sparkassen'' in Germany. The headquarters of DekaBank are located at the [[Trianon (Frankfurt am Main)|Trianon]] skyscraper at Mainzer Landstraße.
*'''[[ING Group|ING Diba]] Germany''' – Germany's largest [[direct bank]], headquartered in [[Bockenheim (Frankfurt am Main)|Bockenheim]]

Other major German banks include [[Frankfurter Volksbank]], the second-largest ''Volksbank'' in Germany, Frankfurter Sparkasse and old-established private banks such as [[Metzler Bank|Bankhaus Metzler]], [[Hauck & Aufhäuser]] and [[Bethmann bank|Delbrück Bethmann Maffei]].

Many international banks have a registered or a representative office, e.g., [[Credit Suisse]], [[UBS]], [[Bank of America]], [[Morgan Stanley]], [[Goldman Sachs]], [[Merrill Lynch]], [[JPMorgan Chase & Co.]], [[Bank of China]], [[Banco do Brasil]], [[Itaú Unibanco]] [[Société Générale]], [[BNP Paribas]], [[Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken|SEB]], [[Royal Bank of Scotland]] and [[Barclays]].

===Frankfurt Stock Exchange===
{{main|Frankfurt Stock Exchange}}
[[File:Bulle und Bär Frankfurt.jpg|thumb|[[Market trend|Bull and bear]] in front of the Frankfurt Stock Exchange]]
The Frankfurt Stock Exchange (''Frankfurter Wertpapierbörse'') began in the ninth century. By the 16th century Frankfurt had developed into an important European hub for trade fairs and financial services. Today the Frankfurt Stock Exchange is by far the largest in Germany, with a turnover of more than 90 percent of the German [[stock market]] and is the third-largest in Europe after the [[London Stock Exchange|London]] and the [[Euronext Paris|Paris]]. The most important [[stock market index]] is the [[DAX]], the index of the 30 largest German business companies listed at the stock exchange. The stock exchange is owned and operated by {{Lang|de|[[Deutsche Börse]]|italic=no}}, which is itself listed in the DAX. Deutsche Börse also owns the European [[futures exchange]] [[Eurex]] and clearing company [[Clearstream]]. Trading takes place exclusively via the [[Xetra (trading system)|Xetra trading system]], with redundant floor brokers taking on the role of market-makers on the new platform.

On 1 February 2012 European Commission blocked the proposed merger of Deutsche Börse and [[New York Stock Exchange|NYSE Euronext]]. "The merger between Deutsche Börse and NYSE Euronext would have led to a near-monopoly in European financial derivatives worldwide. These markets are at the heart of the financial system and it is crucial for the whole European economy that they remain competitive. We tried to find a solution, but the remedies offered fell far short of resolving the concerns."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_IP-12-94_en.htm |website=europa.eu |title=Mergers: Commission blocks proposed merger between Deutsche Börse and NYSE Euronext, European Commission – Press release |access-date=19 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170220020112/http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_IP-12-94_en.htm |archive-date=20 February 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> European competition commissioner [[Joaquín Almunia]] said.

It is located downtown at the Börsenplatz. Deutsche Börse's headquarters are formally registered in Frankfurt, but it moved most of its employees to a high-rise called "The Cube" in [[Eschborn]] in 2010, primarily due to significantly lower local [[corporate tax]]es.

===Frankfurt Trade Fair===
{{main|Frankfurt Trade Fair}}
[[File:Messefrankfurt-messeturm-und-messebesucher.jpg|thumb|[[Messeturm]] seen from the trade fair premises]]
Frankfurt Trade Fair (''Messe Frankfurt'') has the third-largest exhibition site in the world with a total of {{convert|578000|m2|abbr=on}}. The trade fair premises are located in the western part between [[Bockenheim (Frankfurt am Main)|Bockenheim]], the [[Westend (Frankfurt am Main)|Westend]] and the [[Gallus (Frankfurt am Main)|Gallus]] district. It houses ten exhibition halls with a total of {{convert|321754|m2|abbr=on}} of space and {{convert|96,078|m2|abbr=on}} of outdoor space.{{citation needed||date=March 2025}}

Frankfurt and the river [[Rhine]] tributary [[Main (river)|Main]] acquired transnational economic importance in the [[Middle Ages]]. In 1337 the [[Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor|Holy Roman Emperor Louis IV of Bavaria]] issued a diploma privilege so that any other city was not allowed to establish a market or trade fair if this could harm the Frankfurt Trade Fair in any way. This imperial backing allowed Frankfurt to retain the commanding importance of the Frankfurt Trade Fair for centuries. In the Middle Ages the full range of manufactured and semi-processed commodities were trade at Frankfurt Fairs.<ref>{{cite book|title=Textiles and the Medieval Economy: Production, Trade, and Consumption of Textiles, 8th–16th Centuries|editor1=Angela Ling Huang|editor2=Carsten Jahnke|publisher=Oxbow Books|isbn=9781782976509|date=2014|page=217}}</ref>

Hosted in Frankfurt are the [[Frankfurt Book Fair]] (''Frankfurter Buchmesse''), the world's largest book fair, the Ambiente Frankfurt, the world's largest [[Final good|consumer goods]] fair, the Achema, the world's largest plant engineering fair, and many more like Paperworld, Christmasworld, Beautyworld, Tendence Lifestyle or Light+Building. Messe Frankfurt GmbH, the owner and operator company, organized 87 exhibitions in 2010, 51 thereof in foreign countries. It is one of the largest trade fair companies with commercial activities in over 150 countries.{{citation needed|date=December 2020}}

===Aviation===
[[File:2010-07-21 A380 LH D-AIMB EDDF 06.jpg|thumb|Two Lufthansa Airbus A380s at [[Frankfurt Airport]]]]
[[Frankfurt Airport]] is one of the busiest airports in the world and is also the single largest place of work in Germany with over 500 companies which employ 71,500 people (2010).<ref>{{cite web |author=Rolf Didszuns |url=http://frankfurt-interaktiv.de/frankfurt/wirtschaft/airport/flughafen.html |title=Frankfurt-Interaktiv: Flughafen Frankfurt |publisher=Frankfurt-interaktiv.de |date=21 October 2011 |access-date=4 October 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111015201235/http://frankfurt-interaktiv.de/frankfurt/wirtschaft/airport/flughafen.html |archive-date=15 October 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref>

[[Fraport]] is the owner and operator of Frankfurt Airport. It is the airport's second-largest employer (19,800 workers in 2010).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fraport.de/content/fraport-ag/de/Nachhaltigkeit/soziales/personal_in_zahlen/personal_in_zahlen.html#Fraport |title=Personal in Zahlen |publisher=Fraport.de |access-date=4 October 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111104195637/http://www.fraport.de/content/fraport-ag/de/Nachhaltigkeit/soziales/personal_in_zahlen/personal_in_zahlen.html#Fraport |archive-date=4 November 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Fraport also operates other airports worldwide, e.g., [[King Abdulaziz International Airport]] in [[Jeddah]], [[Jorge Chávez International Airport]] in Lima and [[Antalya Airport]].

The largest company at Frankfurt Airport is Lufthansa, Germany's [[flag carrier]] and Europe's largest airline. Lufthansa employs 35,000 people in Frankfurt.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.focus.de/finanzen/news/lufthansa_aid_22996.html |title=Lufthansa-Konzernzentrale teurer als geplant |newspaper=Focus Online |publisher=Focus.de |date=18 July 2006 |access-date=4 October 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130521075219/http://www.focus.de/finanzen/news/lufthansa_aid_22996.html |archive-date=21 May 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>[http://www.report-k.de/content/view/7026/ Report-k.de: Lufthansa-Verwaltung in Köln-Deutz eröffnet] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071124111212/http://www.report-k.de/content/view/7026/ |date=24 November 2007}}</ref> The Lufthansa Aviation Center (LAC) is the main operation base of Lufthansa at Frankfurt Airport. The airport serves as Lufthansa's primary [[Airline hub|hub]] with 157 worldwide destinations (compared to 110 destinations at [[Munich Airport]], Lufthansa's second-largest hub). '''[[Lufthansa Cargo]]''' is based in Frankfurt and operates its largest cargo center (LCC) at Frankfurt Airport. '''[[Lufthansa Flight Training]]''' is also based here.

[[Condor Flugdienst|Condor]] is a German airline based at Frankfurt Airport.

===Other industries===

====Accountancy and professional services====
Three of the four largest international [[accountancy]] and [[professional services]] firms ''([[Big Four (audit firms)|Big Four]])'' are present.

[[PricewaterhouseCoopers]] (PwC) German headquarters are located at [[Tower 185]]. [[KPMG]] moved its European Headquarters ([[KPMG#Recent history|KPMG Europe LLP]]) to [[The Squaire]]. [[Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu]] are present, while [[Ernst & Young]] is located in [[Eschborn]].

====Credit rating agencies====
The three major international [[credit rating agency|credit rating agencies]] – [[Standard & Poor's]], [[Moody's]] and [[Fitch Group|Fitch Ratings]] – have their German headquarters in Frankfurt.

====Investment trust companies====
DWS Investments is one of the largest [[investment trust]] company in Germany and manages €859&nbsp;billion fund assets. It is one of the ten largest investment trust companies in the world.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.dws.de/DE/showpage.aspx?pageID=184 |title=DWS: Unternehmensprofil |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180928121959/https://www.dws.de/DE/showpage.aspx?pageID=184 |archive-date=28 September 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Other large investment trust companies are [[Universal Investment]],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.universal-investment.com/en/Corporate/Structure-and-Management/Location-Germany/ |title=Your partner in Germany |publisher=Universal Investment |access-date=4 January 2023 |archive-date=10 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231210155758/https://www.universal-investment.com/en/Corporate/Structure-and-Management/Location-Germany/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Allianz Global Investors Europe (a division of [[Allianz SE]], and a top-five global active investment manager), [[Union Investment]] and Deka Investmentfonds.

====Management consultancies====
Many of the largest international [[Management consulting|management consultancies]] are represented, including [[Arthur D. Little]], [[McKinsey & Company]], [[Boston Consulting Group]], [[Booz & Company]], [[Oliver Wyman]], [[Bearing Point]], [[Capgemini]], [[Bain & Company]] and [[Roland Berger Strategy Consultants]].

====Real estate services companies====
Located in Frankfurt are the German headquarters of [[Jones Lang LaSalle]] and [[BNP Paribas Real Estate]].

====Law firms====
Frankfurt has the highest concentration of lawyers in Germany, with one lawyer per 97 inhabitants (followed by [[Düsseldorf]] with a ratio of 1/117 and [[Munich]] with 1/124) in 2005.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.juraforum.de/fuer-anwaelte/kanzleigruendung/anwaltsdichte-in-deutschland |title=Anwaltsdichte in Deutschland |publisher=Juraforum.de |access-date=4 October 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111116050546/http://www.juraforum.de/fuer-anwaelte/kanzleigruendung/anwaltsdichte-in-deutschland |archive-date=16 November 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref>

Most of the large international [[law firms]] maintain offices, among them [[Allen & Overy]], [[Baker & McKenzie]], [[Bird & Bird]], [[Clifford Chance]], [[Cleary Gottlieb Steen & Hamilton]], [[Debevoise & Plimpton]], [[DLA Piper]], [[Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer]], [[Hogan Lovells]], [[Jones Day]], [[Latham & Watkins]], [[Linklaters]], [[Mayer Brown]], [[Milbank, Tweed, Hadley & McCloy]], [[Norton Rose]], [[Shearman & Sterling]], [[Sidley Austin]], [[SJ Berwin]], [[Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom]], [[Sullivan & Cromwell]], [[K&L Gates]], [[Taylor Wessing]] and [[White & Case]].

====Advertising agencies====
According to a ranking of German [[Focus (German magazine)|FOCUS magazine]] (November 2007) seven of the 48 largest [[Advertising agency|advertising agencies]] in Germany are based in Frankfurt, including [[Havas]], [[Dentsu Aegis Network|Dentsu]], [[McCann-Erickson]], [[Saatchi & Saatchi]], [[J. Walter Thompson|JWT]], and [[Publicis]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.focus-campus.de/fileadmin/excerpts/EXC_0746_AufeinenBlick.pdf |title=Die größten Werbeagenturen 2007 |publisher=FOCUS Campus |access-date=3 December 2007 |url-status=deviated |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080227024512/http://www.focus-campus.de/fileadmin/excerpts/EXC_0746_AufeinenBlick.pdf |archive-date=27 February 2008}}</ref> Frankfurt is a media [[business cluster]]. Around 570 companies of the advertising industry and 270 [[public relations]] companies are located in Frankfurt.

====Food====
Frankfurt is home to the German headquarters of [[Nestlé]], the world's largest [[food industry|food company]], located in [[Niederrad (Frankfurt am Main)|Niederrad]]. Other important food companies are [[Ferrero SpA]] (German headquarters) and Radeberger Gruppe KG, the largest private brewery group in Germany.

====Automotive====
The South-Korean [[Automotive industry|automobile manufacturer]] [[Kia Motors]] moved its European headquarters to Frankfurt in 2007. In the same year, Italian manufacturer [[Fiat]] opened its new German headquarters. The automotive supplier [[Continental AG]] has the headquarters and a major manufacturing plant of its Chassis & Safety division (formerly ITT Automotive) located in Frankfurt Rödelheim.

====Construction====
Some of the largest German construction companies have offices, e.g., [[Bilfinger Berger]], [[Hochtief]], Züblin and BAM Deutschland.

====Property and real estate====
Frankfurt has Germany's highest concentration of homeowners. This is partly attributed to the financial sector, but also to its cosmopolitan nature, with expatriates and immigrants representing one-fourth of its population. For this reason, Frankfurt's property market often operates differently than the rest of the country where the prices are generally flatter.

====Tourism====
Frankfurt is one of Germany's leading tourist destinations. In addition to its infrastructure and economy, its diversity supports a vibrant cultural scene. This blend of attractions led 4.3&nbsp;million tourists (2012) to visit Frankfurt.<ref>[http://www.frankfurt-tourismus.de/cms/export/system/galleries/tcf/dok/20779.pdf frankfurt-tourismus.de Gäste- und Übernachtungszahlen 2012] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140203002742/http://www.frankfurt-tourismus.de/cms/export/system/galleries/tcf/dok/20779.pdf |date=3 February 2014 }}. Retrieved 24 July 2013.</ref> The Hotels in central Frankfurt offer 34,000 beds in 228 hotels, of which 13 are luxury hotels and 46 are first-class hotels.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.frankfurt.de/sixcms/media.php/738/Netz_dfz%20engl._2011-12.pdf |title=Frankfurt – Data, Facts, Figures |access-date=23 April 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924122120/http://www.frankfurt.de/sixcms/media.php/738/Netz_dfz%20engl._2011-12.pdf |archive-date=24 September 2015}} Retrieved 23 April 2014</ref>

====Other====
[[File:Frankfurt Herriotstraße 4.20130511.jpg|thumb|Headquarters of [[Colt Technology Services]] and [[Nintendo of Europe]] in the Lyoner Quartier]]
[[File:Industriepark Höchst, Leunabrücke.jpg|thumb|Industriepark Höchst]]
[[File:Mainova - Müllheizkraftwerk Nordweststadt - Frankfurt am Main.jpg|thumb|[[Mainova]] heating plant]]
Frankfurt is home to companies from the chemical, transportation, telecommunication and energy industries. Some of the larger companies are:
*'''Industriepark Höchst''' — An [[industrial park]] in [[Höchst (Frankfurt am Main)|Höchst]]. It is one of Germany's largest with over 90 companies from the [[Pharmaceutical industry|pharmaceutical]], the [[Chemical industry|chemical]] and the [[biotechnology]] industry, including [[Celanese]], [[Clariant]], [[BASF]], [[Merck KGaA]] and [[Siemens]]. It was founded by chemical company [[Hoechst AG]] in 1874. At the beginning of the 1980s Hoechst AG was the largest pharmaceutical corporation and Industriepark Höchst was known as "the pharmacy of the world". Hoechst AG merged with [[Rhône-Poulenc]] to become [[Aventis]] in 1999 and in 2004 Aventis merged with [[Sanofi-Synthélabo]] to become [[Sanofi-Aventis]]. In 2005, around 22,000 people worked at Industriepark Höchst. In 2011, [[Ticona]] now part of [[Celanese]], an international manufacturer of engineering [[polymer]]s, moved to Industriepark Höchst.
*'''Deutsche Bahn''' – Deutsche Bahn subsidiaries [[DB Fernverkehr]], [[DB Regio]], [[DB Stadtverkehr]], [[DB Netz]], [[DB Schenker]] and the corporate development department of Deutsche Bahn are Frankfurt-based.
*'''[[Deutsche Telekom]]''' – Deutsche Telekom's subsidiary [[T-Systems]] is Frankfurt-based.
*'''[[COLT Group|COLT]]''' – telecommunications company with Frankfurt-based German headquarters
*'''[[Nintendo]]''' — In 2014, [[Nintendo of Europe]] moved its headquarters from [[Großostheim]] to Frankfurt.<ref>{{Cite news |date=6 June 2014 |title=Nintendo Europe closing Großostheim headquarters, 130 jobs lost |language=en-gb |work=Eurogamer.net |url=https://www.eurogamer.net/nintendo-europe-closing-grossostheim-headquarters-130-jobs-lost |access-date=2 November 2022 |archive-date=2 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221102225030/https://www.eurogamer.net/nintendo-europe-closing-grossostheim-headquarters-130-jobs-lost |url-status=live }}</ref>
*'''[[CenturyLink]]''' — [[internet service provider]] with German headquarters in Frankfurt
*'''[[DE-CIX]]''' – Frankfurt is an important location for [[electronic communication]], especially the Internet. It is home to [[DE-CIX]], the world's largest [[internet exchange point]].
*'''[[Mainova]]''' – The largest regional [[Energy supply|energy supplier]] in Germany with about one million customers in [[Hesse]]. It provides electricity, gas, heat and water. Its headquarters are Frankfurt-based.
In addition, several [[Cloud computing|cloud]] and [[Financial technology|fintech]] [[Startup company|startups]] have their headquarters in Frankfurt.<ref>{{cite web |title=Global Startup Ecosystem Survey – Startup Genome. Frankfurt among the global startup capitals. |url=http://startupgenome.com/report2017/ |access-date=21 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170322014620/http://startupgenome.com/report2017/ |archive-date=22 March 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref>

===Urban area (suburban) businesses===
Within Frankfurt's urban area are several important companies.

The business hub of Eschborn is located right at Frankfurt's city limits in the west and attracts businesses with significantly lower [[corporate tax]]es compared to Frankfurt. Major companies in Eschborn include [[Ernst & Young]], [[Vodafone Germany]], [[Randstad NV]] and VR Leasing. {{Lang|de|[[Deutsche Börse]]|italic=no}} moved most of its employees to Eschborn in 2010.

[[Rüsselsheim]] is internationally known for its [[Automotive industry|automobile manufacturer]] [[Opel]], one of the biggest automobile manufacturers in Germany. With 20,000 employees in 2003, Opel was one of the five largest employers in [[Hesse]].

[[Offenbach am Main]] is home to the European headquarters of automobile manufacturer [[Hyundai Motor Company]], to the German headquarters of automobile manufacturer [[Honda]], to [[Honeywell|Honeywell Germany]] and to [[Deutscher Wetterdienst]], the central scientific agency that monitors weather and [[meteorology|meteorological]] conditions over Germany.

Two [[DAX]] companies are located in [[Bad Homburg vor der Höhe]], [[Fresenius (company)|Fresenius SE & Co. KGaA]] and [[Fresenius Medical Care]]. Other major companies are [[Hewlett-Packard]], [[Bridgestone]], Deutsche Leasing and Basler Versicherungen.

[[Kronberg im Taunus]] is home of the German headquarters of automobile manufacturer [[Jaguar Cars]] as well as the German headquarters of [[Accenture]].

[[Lufthansa Systems]], a subsidiary of [[Lufthansa]], is located in [[Kelsterbach]].

[[LSG Sky Chefs]], another subsidiary of Lufthansa, is located in [[Neu-Isenburg]].

The German headquarters of [[Thomas Cook Group]] are based in [[Oberursel (Taunus)|Oberursel]].

[[Langen, Hesse|Langen]] is home to [[Deutsche Flugsicherung]], the German [[air traffic control]].