Editing Foreign relations of India (section)

==International organizations==
India participates in the following international organisations:<ref>CIA World Fact Book https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/in.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080611033144/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/in.html |date=11 June 2008 }}</ref>
* AALCO – [[Asian–African Legal Consultative Organization]]
* ADB – [[Asian Development Bank]]
* AfDB – [[African Development Bank]] (non-regional members)
* AG – [[Australia Group]]
* [[ASEAN Regional Forum]]
* [[Association of Southeast Asian Nations|ASEAN]] (dialogue partner)
* BIMSTEC – [[Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation]]
* BIS – [[Bank for International Settlements]]
* BRICS – [[BRICS|Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa]]
* [[Commonwealth of Nations]]
* CERN – [[CERN|European Organization for Nuclear Research]]<ref>{{Cite news| url=http://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/India-becomes-Associate-member-of-CERN/article17050579.ece| title=India becomes Associate member of CERN| newspaper=The Hindu| date=17 January 2017| last1=Prasad| first1=R.| access-date=13 April 2018| archive-date=17 January 2017| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170117151638/http://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/India-becomes-Associate-member-of-CERN/article17050579.ece| url-status=live}}</ref>
* CP – [[Colombo Plan]]
* EAS – [[East Asia Summit]]
* FAO – [[Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations]]
* [[G4 nations|G-4]]
* [[Group of 15|G-15]]
* [[G-20 major economies|G-20]]
* [[Group of 24|G-24]]
* [[Group of 77|G-77]]
* IAEA – [[International Atomic Energy Agency]]
* IBRD – [[International Bank for Reconstruction and Development]] (World Bank)
* ICAO – [[International Civil Aviation Organization]]
* ICC – [[International Chamber of Commerce]]
* ICRM – [[International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement]]
* IDA – [[International Development Association]]
* IEA – [[International Energy Agency]]
* IFAD – [[International Fund for Agricultural Development]]
* IFC – [[International Finance Corporation]]
* IFRCS – [[International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies]]
* IHO – [[International Hydrographic Organization]]
* ILO – [[International Labour Organization]]
* IMF – [[International Monetary Fund]]
* IMO – [[International Maritime Organization]]
* IMSO – [[International Mobile Satellite Organization]]
* Interpol – [[Interpol|International Criminal Police Organization]]
* IOC – [[International Olympic Committee]]
* IOM – [[International Organization for Migration]] (observer)
* IORA - [[Indian Ocean Rim Association]]
* IPEEC – [[International Partnership for Energy Efficiency Cooperation]]
* IPU – [[Inter-Parliamentary Union]]
* ISA – [[International Solar Alliance]]
* ISO – [[International Organization for Standardization]]
* ITSO – [[International Telecommunications Satellite Organization]]
* ITU – [[International Telecommunication Union]]
* ITUC – [[International Trade Union Confederation]] (the successor to ICFTU (International Confederation of Free Trade Unions) and the WCL (World Confederation of Labour))
* LAS – [[Arab League|League of Arab States]] (observer)
* MIGA – [[Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency]]
* MTCR – [[Missile Technology Control Regime]]
* NAM – [[Non-Aligned Movement]]
* OAS – [[Organization of American States]] (observer)
* OPCW – [[Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons]]
* PCA – [[Permanent Court of Arbitration]]
* PIF – [[Pacific Islands Forum]] (partner)
* SAARC – [[South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation]]
* SACEP – [[South Asia Co-operative Environment Programme]]
* SCO – [[Shanghai Cooperation Organisation]] (member)
* UN – [[United Nations]]
** UNAIDS- [[Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS|United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS]]
** UNCTAD – [[United Nations Conference on Trade and Development]]
** UNDOF – [[United Nations Disengagement Observer Force]]
** [[UNESCO]] – United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
** UNHCR – [[United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees]]
** UNIDO – [[United Nations Industrial Development Organization]]
** UNIFIL – [[United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon]]
** UNMEE – [[United Nations Mission in Ethiopia and Eritrea]]
** UNMIS – [[United Nations Mission in Sudan]]
** UNOCI – [[United Nations Operation in Côte d'Ivoire]]
** MONUSCO – [[MONUSCO|United Nations Organization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo]]
* UNWTO – [[World Tourism Organization]]
* UPU – [[Universal Postal Union]]
* WA – [[Wassenaar Arrangement]]
* WCL – [[World Confederation of Labour]]
* WCO – [[World Customs Organization]]
* WFTU – [[World Federation of Trade Unions]]
* WHO – [[World Health Organization]]
* WIPO – [[World Intellectual Property Organization]]
* WMO – [[World Meteorological Organization]]
* WTO – [[World Trade Organization]]

;India and the Commonwealth

India became independent within the [[British Commonwealth]] in August 1947 as the [[Dominion of India]] after the [[partition of India]] into India and the [[Dominion of Pakistan]]. King George VI, the last [[Emperor of India]] became the [[Emperor of India|King of India]] with the [[Governor-General of India]] as his viceregal representative.[[File:Brijunska_deklaracija_1956._(spomen-ploča_u_muzeju).jpg|thumb|Memorial stone plaque dedicated to Brijuni Declaration of the Non-Aligned Movement, signed on 19 July 1956, exhibited in the Brijuni Museums, Republic of Croatia]]India became the very first [[Republics in the Commonwealth of Nations|Commonwealth republic]] on 26 January 1950, as a result of the [[London Declaration]].

;Non-Aligned Movement

{{Main|India and the Non-Aligned Movement}}

India played an important role in the multilateral movements of colonies and newly independent countries that developed into the [[Non-Aligned Movement]].
[[Non-Aligned Movement|Nonalignment]] had its origins in India's [[colonial India|colonial]] experience and the nonviolent [[Indian independence movement]] led by the [[Indian National Congress|Congress]], which left India determined to be the master of its fate in an international system dominated politically by [[Cold War]] alliances and economically by Western [[capitalism]] and Soviet [[communism]]. The principles of nonalignment, as articulated by Nehru and his successors, were the preservation of India's freedom of action internationally through refusal to align India with any bloc or alliance, particularly those led by the United States or the [[Soviet Union]]; nonviolence and international cooperation as a means of settling international disputes. Nonalignment was a consistent feature of Indian foreign policy by the late 1940s and enjoyed strong, almost unquestioning support among the Indian elite.

The term "Non-Alignment" was coined by [[V. K. Krishna Menon|V K Menon]] in his speech at the UN in 1953 which was later used by Indian Prime Minister, [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] during his speech in 1954 in [[Colombo]], Sri Lanka. In this speech, Nehru described the five pillars to be used as a guide for [[China–India relations]], which were first put forth by [[Premier of the People's Republic of China|PRC Premier]] [[Zhou Enlai]]. Called [[Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence|Panchsheel]] (five restraints), these principles would later serve as the basis of the Non-Aligned Movement. The five principles were:
# ''Mutual respect for each other's territorial integrity and sovereignty''
# ''Mutual non-aggression''
# ''Mutual non-interference in domestic affairs''
# ''Equality and mutual benefit''
# ''Peaceful co-existence''
[[File:P20210924AS-1147-2 (51707173079).jpg|thumb|From left to right: Prime Minister of Japan [[Yoshihide Suga]], Prime Minister of India [[Narendra Modi]], President of United States [[Joe Biden]] and Prime Minister of Australia [[Scott Morrison]] in [[White House]], USA.]][[Jawaharlal Nehru]]'s concept of nonalignment brought India considerable international prestige among newly independent states that shared India's concerns about the military confrontation between the [[superpower]]s and the influence of the former colonial powers. [[New Delhi]] used nonalignment to establish a significant role for itself as a leader of the newly independent world in such multilateral organisations as the [[United Nations]] (UN) and the Nonaligned Movement. The signing of the Treaty of Peace, Friendship, and Cooperation between India and the Soviet Union in 1971 and India's involvement in the internal affairs of its smaller neighbours in the 1970s and 1980s tarnished New Delhi's image as a nonaligned nation and led some observers to note that in practice, nonalignment applied only to India's relations with countries outside South Asia.

;Quad Alliance
{{Main|Quadrilateral Security Dialogue}}
The '''Quadrilateral Security Dialogue''' ('''QSD''', also known as the '''Quad''') is an informal strategic dialogue between the [[United States]], [[India]], [[Japan]] and [[Australia]] that is maintained by talks between member countries. The dialogue was initiated in 2007 by [[Prime Minister of Japan|Japanese Prime Minister]] [[Shinzo Abe]], with the support of [[Vice President of the United States|American Vice President]] [[Dick Cheney]], [[Prime Minister of Australia|Australian Prime Minister]] [[John Howard]] and Former [[Prime Minister of India|Indian Prime Minister]] [[Manmohan Singh]]. The dialogue was paralleled by joint military exercises of an unprecedented scale, titled [[Malabar (naval exercise)|Exercise Malabar]]. The diplomatic and military arrangement was widely viewed as a response to increased Chinese economic and military power.
On 12 March 2021, '''the first summit meeting''' was held virtually between [[President of the United States|U.S President]] [[Joe Biden]], Indian Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]], Japanese Prime Minister [[Yoshihide Suga]] and Australian Prime Minister [[Scott Morrison]].

;United Nations

{{Main|India and the United Nations}}[[File:Modi at the 69th UN general assembly.jpg|thumb|[[Narendra Modi]], The current [[Prime Minister of India]], addressing the 69th [[United Nations General Assembly|UNGA]], in 2014]]India was among the original members of the [[United Nations]] that signed the [[Declaration by United Nations]] at Washington on 1 January 1942 and also participated in the [[United Nations Conference on International Organization]] in [[San Francisco]] from 25 April to 26 June 1945. As a founding member of the United Nations, India strongly supports the purposes and principles of the UN and has made significant contributions to implementing the goals of the [[United Nations Charter|Charter]] and the evolution of the UN's specialised programmes and agencies.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.un.int/india/india%20&%20un/introduction.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=8 February 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140111110428/http://www.un.int/india/india%20%26%20un/introduction.pdf |archive-date=11 January 2014 }}</ref> India is a charter member of the United Nations and participates in all of its [[List of specialized agencies of the United Nations|specialised agencies]] and organisations. India has contributed troops to [[United Nations peacekeeping]] efforts in [[Korea]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ias.sagepub.com/content/13/2/21.abstract |title=The Role of India in the Korean War* |access-date=21 February 2015 |archive-date=13 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150213194704/http://ias.sagepub.com/content/13/2/21.abstract |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://congress.aks.ac.kr/korean/files/2_1358402525.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=8 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140111101749/http://congress.aks.ac.kr/korean/files/2_1358402525.pdf |archive-date=11 January 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Egypt and the [[Democratic Republic of Congo|Congo]] in its earlier years and in Somalia, Angola, Haiti, Liberia, Lebanon and Rwanda in recent years, and more recently in the [[Ethnic violence in South Sudan (2011–present)|South Sudan conflict]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-25456862 |title=BBC News Indian UN peacekeepers killed in S Sudan attack |publisher=BBC News |date=20 December 2013 |access-date=21 February 2015}}</ref> India has been [[List of members of the United Nations Security Council|a member]] of the [[United Nations Security Council|UN Security Council]] for eight terms (a total of 16 years).<ref>{{cite web|title=Fact Check: This is not India's first time as UNSC chief|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/fact-check/story/fact-check-this-is-not-indias-first-time-as-unsc-chief-1837646-2021-08-06|access-date=27 August 2021|website=India Today|date=6 August 2021 |language=en|archive-date=27 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210827120245/https://www.indiatoday.in/amp/fact-check/story/fact-check-this-is-not-indias-first-time-as-unsc-chief-1837646-2021-08-06|url-status=live}}</ref> India is a member of the [[G4 states|G4]] group of nations who back each other in seeking a permanent seat on the security council and advocate in favour of [[Reform of the United Nations Security Council|the reformation of the UNSC]]. India is also part of the [[Group of 77]].

;World Trade Organization

Described by the WTO's former chief, [[Pascal Lamy]], as one of the organisation's "big brothers",<ref>{{cite news |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/foreign-trade/india-is-among-big-brothers-of-wto-pascal-lamy/articleshow/3373292.cms |title=India is among 'big brothers' of WTO: Pascal Lamy |work=The Economic Times |date=17 August 2008 |access-date=15 August 2020 |archive-date=2 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190402163759/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/foreign-trade/india-is-among-big-brothers-of-wto-pascal-lamy/articleshow/3373292.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> India was instrumental in bringing down the [[Doha Development Round]] of talks in 2008.<ref name=nixes>{{cite news |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/report-on-business/india-nixes-wto-deal-to-cut-tariffs/article4222319/ |title=India nixes WTO deal to cut tariffs |access-date=15 August 2020 |date=30 July 2008 |work=The Globe and Mail |archive-date=17 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210117195923/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/report-on-business/india-nixes-wto-deal-to-cut-tariffs/article4222319/ |url-status=live }}</ref> It has played an important role in representing as many as 100 developing nations during WTO summits.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2008/07/28/business/EU-WTO-Trade-Talks.php |title=EU WTO Trade Talks |work=International Herald Tribune |date=29 March 2009 |access-date=21 November 2009 |archive-date=16 October 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081016231339/http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2008/07/28/business/EU-WTO-Trade-Talks.php |url-status=live }}</ref>