Editing Existentialism (section)

==== Literature ====
[[File:Kafka Der Prozess 1925.jpg|thumb|upright|First edition of ''[[The Trial]]'' by [[Franz Kafka]] (1925)|alt=A simple book cover in green displays the name of the author and the book]]
Existential perspectives are also found in modern literature to varying degrees, especially since the 1920s. [[Louis-Ferdinand Céline]]'s ''[[Journey to the End of the Night]]'' (''Voyage au bout de la nuit'', 1932) celebrated by both Sartre and Beauvoir, contained many of the themes that would be found in later existential literature, and is in some ways, the proto-existential novel. Jean-Paul Sartre's 1938 novel ''[[Nausea (novel)|Nausea]]''<ref name=SartreNausea>{{Cite book | first= Jean-Paul| last= Sartre| translator-last=Baldick |translator-first=Robert |translator-link=Robert Baldick | title= Nausea|location= London| publisher= Penguin| year= 2000 |orig-date=1938 }}</ref> was "steeped in Existential ideas", and is considered an accessible way of grasping his philosophical stance.<ref name=Earnshaw2006>{{Cite book| first= Steven| last= Earnshaw| title = Existentialism: A Guide for the Perplexed|location= London| publisher= Continuum| year= 2006| page= 75| isbn= 0-8264-8530-8}}</ref> Between 1900 and 1960, other authors such as [[Albert Camus]], [[Franz Kafka]], [[Rainer Maria Rilke]], [[T. S. Eliot]], [[Yukio Mishima]], [[Hermann Hesse]], [[Luigi Pirandello]],<ref name="luigitheatre"/><ref name="understandex"/><ref name="masks"/><ref name=luigip>{{cite book|last1=Cincotta|first1=Madeleine Strong|title=Luigi Pirandello: The Humorous Existentialist|date=1989|publisher=University of Wollongong Press|isbn=978-0-86418-090-2|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CUIoPQAACAAJ|access-date=26 March 2015}}</ref><ref name=luigi>{{cite book|last1=Bassanese|first1=Fiora A.|title=Understanding Luigi Pirandello|date=Jan 1, 1997|publisher=University of South Carolina Press|isbn=978-0-585-33727-2|url=https://archive.org/details/understandinglui0000bass|url-access=registration|quote=existential.|access-date=26 March 2015}}</ref><ref name=playwrights>{{cite book|last1=DiGaetani|first1=John Louis|title=Stages of Struggle: Modern Playwrights and Their Psychological Inspirations|date=Jan 25, 2008|publisher=McFarland|isbn=978-0-7864-8259-7|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A5C9gbBCwvYC&q=luigi+pirandello+existentialism&pg=PA34|access-date=26 March 2015}}</ref> [[Ralph Ellison]],<ref name=ellison>{{cite book|last1=Graham|first1=Maryemma|last2=Singh|first2=Amritjit|title=Conversations with Ralph Ellison|date=1995|publisher=University of Mississippi Press|isbn=978-0-87805-781-8|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L0lb8WoLRDkC&q=existentialism&pg=PA84|access-date=26 March 2015}}</ref><ref name=existentialamerica>{{cite book|last1=Cotkin|first1=George|title=Existential American|date=2005|publisher=JHU Press|isbn=978-0-8018-8200-5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MJS3SMamIxIC&q=ralph+ellison+existential|access-date=26 March 2015}}</ref><ref name=readinglearning>{{cite book|last1=Thomas|first1=Paul Lee|title=Reading, Learning, Teach Ralph Ellison|date=2008|publisher=Peter Lang|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XQ2Giri4RegC&q=ralph+ellison+existential&pg=PA18|access-date=26 March 2015|isbn=978-1-4331-0090-1}}</ref><ref name=ellisongenius>{{cite book|last1=Jackson|first1=Lawrence Patrick|title=Ralph Ellison: Emergence of Genius|date=2007|publisher=University of Georgia Press|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NCEV37_oA2AC&q=ralph+ellison+existential&pg=PA339|access-date=26 March 2015|isbn=978-0-8203-2993-2}}</ref> and [[Jack Kerouac]] composed literature or poetry that contained, to varying degrees, elements of existential or proto-existential thought. The philosophy's influence even reached pulp literature shortly after the turn of the 20th century, as seen in the existential disparity witnessed in Man's lack of control of his fate in the works of [[H. P. Lovecraft]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.horrorreview.com/essay/eglovecraft12008.html |title=Zarathustra . . . Cthulhu . Meursault: Existential Futility in H.P. Lovecraft's 'The Call of Cthulhu' |access-date=2015-02-17 |work=The Horror Review |first=Michael |last=Gurnow |date=2008-10-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006180224/http://www.horrorreview.com/essay/eglovecraft12008.html |archive-date=October 6, 2014 }}</ref>