Editing Essen (section)

== Industry and infrastructure ==

=== Economy ===
Essen is home to several large companies, among them the [[ThyssenKrupp]] industrial conglomerate which is also registered in [[Duisburg]] and originates from a 1999 merger between Duisburg-based Thyssen AG and Essen-based [[Krupp|Friedrich Krupp AG Hoesch-Krupp]]. The largest company registered only in Essen is Germany's second-largest [[electric utility]] [[RWE|RWE AG]]. Essen hosts parts of the corporate headquarters of [[Schenker AG]], the logistics division of Deutsche Bahn. Other major companies include Germany's largest construction company [[Hochtief]], as well as [[Aldi|Aldi Nord]], [[Evonik Industries]], [[Karstadt]], [[Medion|Medion AG]] and [[Deichmann SE|Deichmann]], Europe's largest shoe retailer. [[The Coca-Cola Company]] had originally established their German headquarters in Essen (around 1930), where it remained until 2003, when it was moved to the capital Berlin. In light of the [[Energy transition in Germany]], Germany's largest [[electric utility]] [[E.ON]] announced that, after restructuring and splitting off its conventional electricity generation division (coal, gas, atomic energy), it {{update after |2016 |text=will move its headquarters to Essen in 2016,}} becoming a sole provider of [[renewable energy]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eon.com/en/media/news/press-releases/2015/4/27/eon-moves-forward-with-transformation-key-organizational-and-personnel-decisions-made.html|title=Press releases|website=www.eon.com|access-date=12 May 2017|archive-date=16 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170216233558/http://www.eon.com/en/media/news/press-releases/2015/4/27/eon-moves-forward-with-transformation-key-organizational-and-personnel-decisions-made.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[DAX]]-listed chemical distribution company [[Brenntag]] {{update after |2017 |text=announced it would move its headquarters to Essen at the end of 2017.}}
<gallery widths="180">
Thyssen-Krupp-Quartier-Essen-2013.jpg|[[ThyssenKrupp]] headquarters in Essen
RWE Tower Essen 2014.jpg|[[RWE|RWE AG]] headquarters in the business district
EON-Ruhrgas-Zentrale Essen.jpg|[[E.ON]] headquarters
Hochhaus Kruppstraße 5, Essen(2).jpg|[[RWE|RWE AG]] headquarters
Hochtiefhaus Essen.jpg|[[Hochtief]] headquarters
RellingHaus II, Essen.jpg|[[Evonik Industries]] headquarters
Schenker AG Hauptsitz.jpeg|[[Schenker AG]] headquarters
Postbank-Hochhaus Essen.jpg|Postbank Essen
Ehem. Essener Creditanstalt, heute Deutsche Bank.jpg|Deutsche Bank branch in the financial district
Emschergenossenschaft Essen.jpg|Emschergenossenschaft Essen
</gallery>

=== Fairs ===
[[File:Messe-Essen-Logo.svg|thumb|upright=0.65|Messe Essen logo]]
The city's exhibition centre, [[Messe Essen]], hosts some 50 [[trade fair]]s each year. With around 530.000 visitors each year, [[Essen Motor Show]] is by far the largest event held there. It has been described as "the showcase event of the year for the tuning community"<ref>Nick Hall, [https://web.archive.org/web/20140921192732/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-24864763.html "Getting to grips with the essential Essen"], ''[[The Irish Times]]'', 6 December 2006, via [[HighBeam Research]]</ref> and as the German version of the annual [[SEMA (association)|SEMA]] auto show in [[Las Vegas]].<ref>Jens Meiners, [http://blog.caranddriver.com/the-continental-essen-motor-show-european-politics-and-bmw-remarks/ "The Continental: Essen Motor Show, European Politics, and BMW Remarks"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170729225618/http://blog.caranddriver.com/the-continental-essen-motor-show-european-politics-and-bmw-remarks/ |date=29 July 2017 }}, ''[[Car and Driver]]'', 3 December 2013.</ref> As contrasted with the [[Frankfurt Auto Show]], the Essen show is smaller and is focused on [[car tuning]] and racing interests.<ref>John Rettie, [http://www.roadandtrack.com/go/news/events-openings/germanys-essen-motor-show-29679 "Germany's Essen Motor Show"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819092434/http://www.roadandtrack.com/go/news/events-openings/germanys-essen-motor-show-29679 |date=19 August 2014 }}, ''[[Road & Track]]'', 6 December 2011.</ref> Other important fairs open to consumers include [[SPIEL]], the world's biggest consumer fair for tabletop gaming, and one of the leading fairs for [[equestrianism|equestrian sports]], [[Equitana]], held every two years. Important fairs restricted to professionals include "Security" (security and fire protection), IPM (gardening) and E-World (energy and water).<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.messe-essen.de/messeplatz-essen/modernisierung/faqs/ |title=Messe Essen &#124; FAQs |access-date=29 July 2017 |archive-date=29 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170729222715/https://www.messe-essen.de/messeplatz-essen/modernisierung/faqs/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
<gallery widths="180">
File:Essen-MesseSued3-Asio.jpg|Messe Essen south entrance
File:Messe Essen, Osteingang.jpg|Messe Essen east entrance
File:Essen-MesseSued1-Asio.jpg|Messe Essen south entrance
</gallery>

=== Media ===
The [[Westdeutscher Rundfunk]] has a studio in Essen, which is responsible for the central [[Ruhr]] area. Each day, it produces a 30-minute regional evening news magazine (called {{lang|de|Lokalzeit Ruhr}}), a five-minute afternoon news programme, and several radio news programmes. A local broadcasting station went on air in the late 1990s. The [[WAZ-Mediengruppe|WAZ Media Group]] is one of the most important (print) media companies in Europe and publishes the Ruhr area's two most important daily newspapers, ''[[Westdeutsche Allgemeine Zeitung]]'' (WAZ; 580,000 copies) and ''Neue Ruhr/Rhein Zeitung'' (NRZ; 180,000 copies). In Essen, the WAZ Group also publishes the local ''{{ill|Borbecker Nachrichten|de}}'' and ''{{ill|Werdener Nachrichten|de}}'', both of which had been independent weekly newspapers for parts of Essen. Additionally, the [[Axel Springer AG]] runs a printing facility for their boulevard-style daily paper ''[[Bild]]'' in Essen.

=== Education ===
One renowned educational institution in Essen is the [[Folkwang University]], a university of the arts founded in 1927, which is headquartered in Essen and has additional facilities in Duisburg, [[Bochum]] and [[Dortmund]]. Since 1927, its traditional main location has been in the former [[Werden Abbey]] in Essen in the Ruhr area, with additional facilities in [[Duisburg]], [[Bochum]], and [[Dortmund]], and, since 2010, at the [[Zollverein Coal Mine Industrial Complex|Zeche Zollverein]], a [[World Heritage Site]] also in Essen.<ref>[http://www.dradio.de/kulturnachrichten/2010011014/6/ Deutschlandradio] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120305222627/http://www.dradio.de/kulturnachrichten/2010011014/6/ |date=5 March 2012 }} New Name and Building, 10 January 2010 (in German)</ref> The Folkwang University is home to the international dance company {{lang|de|Folkwang Tanz Studio}} (FTS). In 1963 the Folkwang school was renamed ''Folkwang Academy'' ({{lang|de|Folkwang-Hochschule}}). In 2010 the institution began offering graduate studies and was renamed ''Folkwang University of the Arts''. This coincided with [[Ruhr.2010]], the festival in which the Ruhr district was designated the [[European Capital of Culture]] for the year 2010.
<gallery widths="180">
Essen_Kloster_Werden_Innenhof_2_2005.jpg|[[Folkwang University of the Arts]]
Zollverein School of Management and Design 3116754.jpg|Zollverein School of Management and Design
Universität Essen Panorama.jpg|Universität Essen
Essen Werden - Folkwang-Hochschule 08 ies.jpg|Folkwang University
</gallery>

The [[University of Duisburg-Essen]], which resulted from a 2003 merger of the universities of Essen and Duisburg, is one of Germany's "youngest" universities with about 42,000 Students.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.radioessen.de/essen/lokalnachrichten/lokalnachrichten/archive/2016/01/08/article/-84812ba8fa.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304042342/http://www.radioessen.de/essen/lokalnachrichten/lokalnachrichten/archive/2016/01/08/article/-84812ba8fa.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=4 March 2016|title=Lokalnachrichten|publisher={{ill|Radio Essen|de}}|access-date=12 May 2017}}</ref> One of its primary research areas is ''urban systems'' (i.e., sustainable development, logistics and transportation), a theme largely inspired by the highly urbanised Ruhr area. Other fields include [[nanotechnology]], [[discrete mathematics]] and "education in the 21st century". Another university in Essen is the private {{lang|de|[[Fachhochschule]] für Ökonomie und Management}}, a university of applied sciences with over 6,000 students and branches in 15 other major cities throughout Germany.

=== Medicine ===
Essen offers a highly diversified health care system with more than 1,350 resident doctors and almost 6,000 beds in 13 hospitals, including a university hospital. The university hospital dates back to 1909, when the city council established a municipal hospital; although it was largely destroyed during [[World War II]], it was later rebuilt, and finally gained the title of a university hospital in 1963. It focuses on [[List of ICD-9 codes 390-459: Diseases of the circulatory system#7. Diseases of the circulatory system (390–459)|diseases of the circulatory system]] (West German Heart Centre Essen), [[oncology]] and [[organ transplant|transplantation medicine]], with the department of [[bone marrow transplant]]ation being the second-largest of its kind in the world.
<gallery widths="180">
Elisabethkrankenhaus Essen.jpg|Elisabethkrankenhaus Essen
Uniklinik Essen, 20071222.jpg|University Hospital Essen
</gallery>