Editing Eos (section)

== Identifications ==
=== Etruscan ===
[[File:John Flaxman - The Morn, All Beauteous to Behold, from Aeschylus, The Persians - Google Art Project.jpg|thumb|''Eos the Morn'', engraving by [[John Flaxman]].]]

Among the [[Etruscans]], the generative dawn-goddess was [[Thesan]]. Depictions of the dawn-goddess with a young lover became popular in Etruria in the fifth century, probably inspired by imported Greek vase-painting.<ref>Marilyn Y. Goldberg, "The 'Eos and Kephalos' from Cære: Its Subject and Date" ''American Journal of Archæology'' '''91'''.4 (October 1987, pp. 605-614) p 607.</ref> Though Etruscans preferred to show the goddess as a nurturer (''Kourotrophos'') rather than an abductor of young men, the late Archaic sculptural [[acroterion]] from Etruscan Cære, now in Berlin, showing the goddess in archaic running pose adapted from the Greeks, and bearing a boy in her arms, has commonly been identified as Eos and Cephalus.<ref>Goldberg 1987:605-614 casts doubt on the boy's identification, in the context of Etruscan and Greek abduction motifs.</ref> On an Etruscan mirror Thesan is shown carrying off a young man, whose name is inscribed as Tinthu.<ref>Noted by Goldberg 1987: in I. Mayer-Prokop, ''Die gravierten etruskischen Griffspiegel archaischen Stils'' (Heidelberg) 1966, fig. 61.</ref>

=== Roman ===
The [[Roman mythology|Roman]] equivalent of Eos is [[Aurora (mythology)|Aurora]], also a cognate showing the characteristic [[Latin]] [[rhotacism (sound change)#Latin|rhotacism]]. Dawn became associated in Roman cult with Matuta, later known as [[Mater Matuta]]. She was also associated with the sea harbors and ports, and had a temple on the [[Forum Boarium]]. On June 11, the [[Matralia]] was celebrated at that temple in honor of Mater Matuta; this festival was only for women during their first marriage.

=== Hemera ===
[[File:Eos chariot 430-420 BC Staatliche Antikensammlungen.jpg|thumb|Eos in her chariot flying over the sea, red-figure [[krater]] from [[Southern Italy]], 430–420 BC, [[Staatliche Antikensammlungen]]]]

Although distinct deities in early works such as [[Hesiod]]'s ''[[Theogony]]'', later the tragic poets completely identified Eos with Hemera, the primordial goddess of the [[day]];<ref name=":smith">Smith, s.v. [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0104%3Aalphabetic+letter%3DE%3Aentry+group%3D4%3Aentry%3Deos-bio-1 Eos]</ref><ref name=":hr46">Hard, [https://books.google.com/books?id=r1Y3xZWVlnIC&pg=PA46 p. 46]</ref> each of the three great Athenian tragedians, [[Euripides]], [[Aeschylus]] and [[Sophocles]], used "Hemera" for the goddess who abducts Tithonus or drives a chariot drawn by white horses at daybreak in some work.<ref name=":opal">Oakley and Palagia, p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=QqymAwAAQBAJ&pg=RA2-PA47 47]</ref>

Both goddesses were said to be daughters of Nyx ([[Night]]), albeit Eos was much more commonly the daughter of Hyperion by his wife. Pausanias, when describing depictions of Eos's myths at [[Classical Athens|Athens]] and Amyclae, he calls Eos by the name of Hemera.<ref name=":pausn"/> A scholion on the ''[[Odyssey]]'' mentions the abduction of the hunter Orion by "Hemera" (Eos in [[Homer]]).<ref>[[Euphorion of Chalcis|Euphorion]] [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/euphorion_chalcis-poetic_fragments/2010/pb_LCL508.297.xml fr. 66] Lightfoot [= fr. 103 Powell].</ref><ref>Hard, [https://books.google.com/books?id=r1Y3xZWVlnIC&pg=PA562 p. 562]</ref> Eos, in contrast to Helios and Selene and more similarly to Hemera and Hemera's mother Nyx, embodies a part of the day and night cycle, instead of a celestial body.<ref name=":opal"/> The Greek word "eos", meaning dawn, was some times used by writers to refer to the entire duration of the day, not just the morning.<ref name=":stoll"/>

Likewise, Eos was often referred to as ''Tito'', another archaic word meaning day, and feminine equivalent to ''Titan'', which is a common epithet of her brother Helios denoting his role as the creator of the day.{{sfn|Kerenyi|1951|page=[https://archive.org/details/in.gov.ignca.7346/page/n225/mode/2up?view=theater 199, note 637]}} Unlike Eos however, Hemera is little more than a name in Greek literature, with few and far between references about her and with no unique mythology outside of her parentage and the few stories appropriated from Eos.{{sfn|Bell|1991|loc=s.v. [https://archive.org/details/womenofclassical00bell/page/230/mode/2up?view=theater Hemera]}}