Editing Electronic music (section)

===Digital synthesizers===
{{See also|Digital synthesizer|Digitally controlled oscillator|Additive synthesis#Implementations|Subtractive synthesis|Phase distortion synthesis|Bell Labs Digital Synthesizer}}
In 1975, the Japanese company [[Yamaha Corporation|Yamaha]] licensed the algorithms for [[frequency modulation synthesis]] (FM synthesis) from [[John Chowning]], who had experimented with it at [[Stanford University]] since 1971.<ref name="holmes_257">{{harvnb|Holmes|2008|p=257}}.</ref>{{sfn|Chowning|1973}} Yamaha's engineers began adapting Chowning's algorithm for use in a digital synthesizer, adding improvements such as the "key scaling" method to avoid the introduction of distortion that normally occurred in analog systems during [[frequency modulation]].{{sfn|Holmes|2008|pp=257–258}}

In 1980, Yamaha eventually released the first FM digital synthesizer, the Yamaha GS-1, but at an expensive price.{{sfn|Roads|1996|p=226}} In 1983, Yamaha introduced the first stand-alone digital synthesizer, the [[Yamaha DX7|DX7]], which also used FM synthesis and would become one of the best-selling synthesizers of all time.<ref name="holmes_257"/> The DX7 was known for its recognizable bright tonalities that was partly due to an [[Oversampling|overachieving]] [[sampling rate]] of 57&nbsp;kHz.{{sfn|Holmes|2008|pp=258–259}}
[[File:YAMAHA_DX7.jpg|thumb|[[Yamaha DX7]], a model for many digital synthesizers of the 1980s]]

The [[Korg Poly-800]] is a synthesizer released by [[Korg]] in 1983. Its initial list price of $795 made it the first fully programmable synthesizer that sold for less than $1000. It had 8-voice [[polyphony]] with one [[Digitally controlled oscillator]] (DCO) per voice.

The [[Casio CZ synthesizers#CZ-101|Casio CZ-101]] was the first and best-selling [[Phase distortion synthesis|phase distortion]] synthesizer in the [[Casio]] [[Casio CZ synthesizers|CZ]] line. Released in November 1984, it was one of the first (if not the first) fully programmable polyphonic synthesizers that was available for under $500.

The [[Roland D-50]] is a digital synthesizer produced by [[Roland Corporation|Roland]] and released in April 1987. Its features include [[subtractive synthesis]], on-board effects, a joystick for data manipulation, and an analogue synthesis-styled layout design. The external Roland PG-1000 (1987–1990) programmer could also be attached to the D-50 for more complex manipulation of its sounds.