Editing Economy of Ukraine (section)

===Agriculture===
[[File:T 150 K front.JPG|thumb|A Ukrainian T-150K tractor built by the [[Kharkiv Tractor Plant]]]]

[[File:Typical agricultural landscape of Kherson Oblast.jpg|thumb|[[Flag of Ukraine|Ukraine's flag]] resembles the nation's farmlands.]]

[[File:Мала Гора поблизу Берегова - виноградний рай.jpg|thumb|Vineyards in [[Zakarpattia Oblast]]]]

Although typically known as the industrial base of the Soviet Union, agriculture is a large part of Ukraine's economy. Ukraine is one of the world's largest agricultural producers and exporters and is known as the "breadbasket" of Europe.<ref name="rferl.org">{{Cite news|title=Ukraine Allows Farmland Sales For First Time Since Independence|url=https://www.rferl.org/a/ukraine-agriculture-farmland-economy-/31336984.html|access-date=2 July 2021|newspaper=Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty|date=2 July 2021 |language=en}}</ref>

In 2008, agriculture accounted for 8.29% of Ukraine's GDP and by 2012 had grown to 10.43% of the GDP. Agriculture accounted for $13.98 billion of value added to the economy of Ukraine in 2012. Despite being a top 10 world producer of several crops such as wheat and corn Ukraine still only ranks 24 out of 112 nations measured in terms of overall agricultural production.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nationmaster.com/country-info/profiles/Ukraine/Agriculture/All-stats|publisher=Nation Master|title=Ukraine Agriculture Stats|access-date=4 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181108144144/http://www.nationmaster.com/country-info/profiles/Ukraine/Agriculture/All-stats|archive-date=8 November 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.indexmundi.com/agriculture/?commodity=corn|publisher=Index Mundi|title=Corn Production by Country in 1000 MT}}</ref>

In 2011, Ukraine was the world's largest producer of [[sunflower oil]],<ref name="UkrInform">{{cite web|url=http://www.blackseagrain.net/about-ukragroconsult/news-bsg/german-expert-sunflower-oil-grows-in-price-in-ukraine-due-to-its-low-world-reserves|title=German expert: Sunflower oil grows in price in Ukraine due to its low world reserves|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110723025406/http://www.blackseagrain.net/about-ukragroconsult/news-bsg/german-expert-sunflower-oil-grows-in-price-in-ukraine-due-to-its-low-world-reserves |archive-date=23 July 2011|publisher=UkrAgroConsult – BlackSeaGrain}}</ref> a major global producer of grain and sugar, and a potential global player on meat and dairy markets. It was one of the largest producers of nuts. Ukraine produced more natural [[honey]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data|title=FAOSTAT|website=www.fao.org}}</ref> than any other European country and was one of the world's largest honey producers. An estimated 1.5% of its population was involved in honey production, therefore Ukraine had the highest honey per capita production rate in the world.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://wnu-ukraine.com/news/economy-business/?id=3326|publisher=WNU|title=Ukraine Produces World's Greatest Amount of Honey Per Capita|date=August 2013|access-date=4 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180118064636/http://wnu-ukraine.com/news/economy-business/?id=3326|archive-date=18 January 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> Because Ukraine possesses 30% of the world's richest [[Chernozem|black soil]], making its agricultural industry have huge potential.

At the beginning of the 21st century, Ukraine's agricultural industry was highly profitable, generating profit margins of 40–60%.<ref name="UkrAgroConsult" /> Analysts indicated that the sector had the potential to increase its output by up to four times.<ref name="Kra">{{cite news |last1=Kramer |first1=Andrew E. |date=31 August 2008 |title=Russia's Collective Farms – Hot Capitalist Property |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/08/31/business/worldbusiness/31food.html |url-access=subscription |access-date=20 December 2023 |work=[[New York Times]] |page=}}</ref> Ukraine was the world's 6th largest, 5th if not including the EU as a separate state, producer of corn in the world and the 3rd largest corn exporter in the world. In 2012, Ukraine signed a contract with China, the world's largest importer of corn, to supply China with 3 million tonnes of corn annually at market price. The deal included a $3 billion line of credit extension from China to Ukraine.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/79bc2174-0276-11e2-8cf8-00144feabdc0.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221210/http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/79bc2174-0276-11e2-8cf8-00144feabdc0.html |archive-date=10 December 2022 |url-access=subscription|newspaper=Financial Times|title=Ukraine agrees $3bn loan-for-corn deal|date=19 September 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-01-06/china-rejecting-u-s-corn-as-first-shipment-from-ukraine-arrives.html|publisher=Bloomberg|title=China Rejecting U.S. Corn as First Shipment From Ukraine Arrives|newspaper=Bloomberg.com|date=6 January 2014}}</ref>

In 2014, Ukraine's total grain crop was estimated to be a record 64 million metric tons. In 2014, Ukraine lost control over portions of several regions to Russia, followed by the start of [[Russo-Ukrainian War|the war]] in Donbas and the [[annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation]],{{#tag:ref|[[Crimea]] is currently [[Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation|under dispute by Russia and Ukraine]].<ref name="Reuters">{{cite news|last=Gutterman |first=Steve |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-ukraine-crisis-idUSBREA1Q1E820140318 |title=Putin signs Crimea treaty, will not seize other Ukraine regions |date=18 March 2014 |agency=Reuters.com |access-date=26 March 2014}}</ref>|group=nb}} hence the actual available crop yield was closer to 60.5 million metric tons. Due to the decline of the metallurgy industry, which was previously Ukraine's top export category, agricultural products have become Ukraine's largest export category as a result of the war in Donbas.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.agriculture.com/markets/analysis/corn/ukraine-grain-expts-to-rise_9-ar45735|publisher=Agriculture.com|title=Ukraine Grain Exports To Rise|date=21 October 2014|access-date=23 October 2014|archive-date=25 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220225052420/https://www.agriculture.com/markets/analysis/corn/ukraine-grain-expts-to-rise_9-ar45735|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Since at least 2011, farmland was remaining as the only major asset in Ukraine that was not [[Privatization|privatised]].<ref name="UkrAgroConsult">{{cite web|url=http://www.blackseagrain.net/about-ukragroconsult/news-temp/vessels-loaded-with-grain-began-leaving-ukrainian-ports-1|title=Ukraine: Land market, formation, development trends – Farmland now remains almost the only big asset that is not actually privatized yet|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110225200726/http://www.blackseagrain.net/about-ukragroconsult/news-temp/vessels-loaded-with-grain-began-leaving-ukrainian-ports-1 |archive-date=25 February 2011|publisher=[[Black Sea Grain]]}}</ref> In March 2020, the Ukrainian parliament lifted a ban on the sale of farmland.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-ukraine-imf/imf-praises-ukraines-decisions-on-land-reform-banking-law-idUSKBN21M07Y|title=IMF praises Ukraine's decisions on land reform, banking law|publisher=[[Reuters]]|date=4 April 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/ukrainealert/imf-finally-confirms-new-5-billion-program-for-ukraine/|title=IMF finally confirms new $5 billion program for Ukraine|author=Anders Åslund|author-link=Anders Åslund|publisher=[[Atlantic Council]]|date=10 June 2020}}</ref> The land market was fully opened for the first time independence on 1 July 2021.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rferl.org/a/ukrainian-lawmakers-sack-finance-health-ministers-fail-to-approve-replacements/30517755.html|title=Ukraine Lawmakers Approve Key Legislation With Eye On IMF Funds|publisher=[[Radio Free Europe]]|date=31 March 2020}}</ref><ref name="rferl.org"/>

[[File:Agricultural_output_Ukraine.svg|thumb|Agricultural output of Ukraine since 1961, in 2015 US$]]

Ukraine also produces some [[Ukrainian wine|wine]], mostly in the South-Western regions.
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In 2018:
* It was the 5th largest world producer of [[maize]] ({{convert|35.8|e6MT|abbr=off}}), after the U.S., China, Brazil, and Argentina;
* It was the 8th largest world producer of [[wheat]] ({{convert|24.6|e6MT|abbr=off}});
* It was the 3rd largest world producer of [[potato]]es ({{convert|22.5|e6MT|abbr=off}}), second only to China and India;
* It was the world's largest producer of [[sunflower seed]] ({{convert|14.1|e6MT|abbr=off}});
* It was the 7th largest world producer of [[sugar beet]]s ({{convert|13.9|e6MT|abbr=off}}), which is used to produce sugar and [[ethanol]];
* It was the 7th largest world producer of [[barley]] ({{convert|7.3|e6MT|abbr=off}});
* It was the 7th largest world producer of [[rapeseed]] ({{convert|2.7|e6MT|abbr=off}});
* It was the 13th largest world producer of [[tomato]]es ({{convert|2.3|e6MT|abbr=off}});
* It was the 5th largest world producer of [[cabbage]] ({{convert|1.6|e6MT|abbr=off}}), after China, India, South Korea, and Russia;
* It was the 11th largest world producer of [[apple]]s ({{convert|1.4|e6MT|abbr=off}});
* It was the 3rd largest world producer of [[pumpkin]]s ({{convert|1.3|e6MT|abbr=off}}), second only to China and India;
* It was the 6th largest world producer of [[cucumber]]s ({{convert|985|e3MT|abbr=off}});
* It was the 5th largest world producer of [[carrot]]s ({{convert|841|e3MT|abbr=off}}), after China, Uzbekistan, the U.S., and Russia;
* It was the 4th largest world producer of [[Pea|dry peas]] ({{convert|775|e3MT|abbr=off}}), second only to Canada, Russia, and China;
* It was the 7th largest world producer of [[rye]] ({{convert|393|e3MT|abbr=off}});
* It was the 3rd largest world producer of [[buckwheat]] ({{convert|137|e3MT|abbr=off}}), second only to China and Russia;
* It was the 6th largest world producer of [[walnut]]s ({{convert|127|e3MT|abbr=off}});
* It produced {{convert|4.4|e6MT|abbr=off}} of [[Soybean|soy]];
* It produced {{convert|883|e3MT|abbr=off}} of [[onion]]s;
* It produced {{convert|467|e3MT|abbr=off}} of [[grape]]s;
* It produced {{convert|418|e3MT|abbr=off}} of [[oat]]s;
* It produced {{convert|396|e3MT|abbr=off}} of [[watermelon]]s;
* It produced {{convert|300|e3MT|abbr=off}} of [[cherry|cherries]];

in addition to smaller productions of other agricultural products.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QC/|title=FAOSTAT|website=www.fao.org}}</ref>

Professionalised, scientific [[barley breeding|breeding of barley]] began in 1910 and now supplies improved [[barley cultivar|cultivars]] to the country.<ref name="Bothmer-et-al-2003">{{cite book | editor1-last=Bothmer | editor1-first=Roland von | editor2-first=Theo | editor2-last=van Hintum | editor3-first=Helmut | editor3-last=Knüpffer | editor4-first=Katuhiro | editor4-last=Sato | title=Diversity in Barley (''Hordeum vulgare'') | publisher=[[Elsevier]] | date=2003 | publication-place=[[Amsterdam]] | isbn=978-0-444-50585-9 | oclc=162130976 | pages=XIX+280}}</ref>{{rp|page=34}}